{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T19:44:38Z","timestamp":1788551078902,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]],"date-time":"2020-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009207","name":"AgriFutures Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRJ\u2010010220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRJ\u2010010220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reducing crude protein and supplementation with synthetic amino acids in poultry nutrition is a recent trend to avoid wastage of protein and ammonia in production systems. Stress has been shown to impair intestinal barrier and increase inflammatory response. This study was performed on intestinal tissues of broiler chickens to understand the mechanism of stress induced by a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) and the effect of supplementation of arginine, glutamine and glycine in reduced protein diets. Intestinal tissue samples from a previous study were utilized. Male Ross 308 chickens received a basal diet for the first seven days and then fed with crude protein that was reduced to 194\u00a0g\/kg in grower experimental diets supplemented with glutamine, glycine and additional arginine at 10, 10 and 5\u00a0g\/kg respectively. Half of the 96 individual birds were injected with DEX (0.5\u00a0mg\/kg body weight) or saline on days 14, 16, 18 and 20 of age. mRNA expression for jejunum and ileum for amino acid transporters (y+LAT\u20101, B<jats:sup>o,+<\/jats:sup>AT, EAAT\u20103 and CAT\u20101), mechanistic genes (SGLT\u20101, mTOR, IAP and FABP\u20102) and pro\u2010inflammatory genes (MUC\u20102, NF\u2010\u03baB, iNOS, IL\u20108 and IL\u20101\u03b2) were analysed using real\u2010time PCR. The results showed that DEX decreased y+ LAT1 in jejunum, B<jats:sup>o<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>,+<\/jats:sup>AT and EAAT\u20103 in ileum. Arginine increased CAT\u20101 in the jejunum and ileum under DEX treatment. Through an interaction, DEX reduced IAP in jejunum of glycine and arginine supplemented group and reduced mTOR in jejunum independently. DEX reduced MUC\u20102 and iNOS in jejunum and increased iNOS and IL8 in the ileum. Amino acid supplementation did not appear to ameliorate these effects; however, there were some positive effects of glycine on NF\u2010\u03baB and arginine through increased CAT\u20101. Mechanistic understanding of amino acid supplementation in broiler diets warrants further research particularly when dietary protein is reduced below the level tested in the present study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]],"date-time":"2020-07-12T11:35:00Z","timestamp":1594553700000},"page":"90-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Expression of selected genes encoding mechanistic pathways, nutrient and amino acid transporters in jejunum and ileum of broiler chickens fed a reduced protein diet supplemented with arginine, glutamine and glycine under stress stimulated by dexamethasone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7184-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Barekatain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus Roseworthy SA Australia"},{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Adelaide Roseworthy SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter V.","family":"Chrystal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baiada Poultry Pty Ltd Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Adelaide Roseworthy SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clive J.","family":"McLaughlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus Roseworthy SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9074601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2019.114383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex394"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification of potential biomarkers for gut barrier failure in broiler chickens","volume":"2","author":"Chen J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/21688370.2014.982426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.8.1739"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.2.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-86502013001300003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9171905","article-title":"Functions and signaling pathways of amino acids in intestinal inflammation","volume":"2018","author":"He F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(98)80036-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1987.252.5.G614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34485-5","article-title":"Dexamethasone regulates the beta\u2010adrenergic receptor subtype expressed by 3T3 L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes","volume":"257","author":"Lai E.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Scott's nutrition of the chicken","author":"Leeson S.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073866"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"Macalintal L. Brennan K. Pescatore A. Ao T. Ford M. Dawson K. &Power R.(2020).Repeated intraperitoneal dexamethasone exposure alters gut barrier integrity biomarkers. Paper presented at the International Poultry Scientific Forum Atlanta Georgia."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3582-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.3.363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"Schokker D.(2012).Chicken intestinal development in health and disease: Transcriptomic and modeling approaches. PhD dissertation.Wageningen University. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/library.wur.nl\/WebQuery\/wurpubs\/fulltext\/211980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514001846"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513003863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/51977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.194001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2015.1083551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0371-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjpn.13416","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpn.13416","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jpn.13416","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpn.13416","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T16:55:23Z","timestamp":1693760123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpn.13416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpn.13416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpn.13416","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-2439","1439-0396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-2439","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0396","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}