{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T04:26:03Z","timestamp":1773548763498,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While iron overload disorder (IOD) and related disease states are not considered a common occurrence in domestic equids, these issues appear prevalent in black rhinoceroses under human care. In addressing IOD in black rhinos, altering dietary iron absorption and excretion may be the most globally practical approach. A main option for treatment used across other species such as humans, is chelation therapy using iron\u2010specific synthetic compounds. As horses may serve as an appropriate digestive model for the endangered rhinoceros, we evaluated the potential use of the oral iron chelator<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010bis(2\u2010hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010diacetic acid (HBED) in horses for safety and efficacy prior to testing in black rhinoceros. Health and iron digestibility and dynamics were assessed in horses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) before, and after treatment with HBED (50\u2009mg\/kg body weight) for 8 days using a crossover design with serum, faecal\u00a0and urine collection. A preliminary pharmacokinetic trial was also performed but no trace of HBED was found in serially sampled plasma through 8\u2009h\u00a0post\u2010oral dosing. HBED increased urinary iron output in horses compared to control by 0.7% of total iron intake (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), for an average of 27\u2009mg urinary iron\/day, similar to human chelation goals. Blood chemistry, blood cell counts\u00a0and overall wellness were not affected by treatment. As healthy horses are able to regulate iron absorption, the lack of change in iron balance is unsurprising. Short\u2010term HBED administration appeared to be safely tolerated by horses, therefore it was anticipated it would also be safe to administer to black rhinos for the management of iron overload.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T09:21:26Z","timestamp":1658913686000},"page":"1107-1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Safety and efficacy of a novel iron chelator (HBED; (<i>N<\/i>,<i>N<\/i>\u2032\u2010Di(2\u2010hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine\u2010<i>N,N<\/i>\u2032\u2010diacetic acid)) in equine (<i>Equus caballus<\/i>) as a model for black rhinoceros (<i>Diceros bicornis<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3112-7015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Disney's Animal Kingdom\u00ae Bay Lake Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shana R.","family":"Lavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Disney's Animal Kingdom\u00ae Bay Lake Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Disney's Animal Kingdom\u00ae Bay Lake Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Knutson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo V.","family":"Valdes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Disney's Animal Kingdom\u00ae Bay Lake Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori K.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.4.1446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.1.370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.8.3019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769009149895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00692.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260-43.3s.S108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2011-0152.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2007.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Dairy One Analytical Laboratory.\u00a0(2016). 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