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Indeed, nanoparticles have a high ability to penetrate biological membranes and be uptaken by cells, which may cause cell disorders and physiological dysfunctions. The aim of the current study was to evaluate, whether oral administration of saffron extract, in rats, can protect from neurotoxicity and behavioural disturbances induced by chronic administration of ZnO\u2010NPs. Daily oral administration of ZnO\u2010NPs was performed for 21 consecutive days to induce oxidative stress\u2010like situation. Then after the saffron extract was concomitantly administrated in several rat groups to overcome the nanotoxicological effect induced by ZnO\u2010NPs. In the frontal cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum, ZnO\u2010NPs induced a H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010oxydative stress\u2010like effect reflected in reduced enzymatic activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S\u2010transferase, and decreased acetylcholinesterase activity. In addition, increased levels of proinflammatory interleukins IL\u20106 and IL\u20101\u2010\u237a occurred in the hippocampus, reveal the existence of brain inflammation. The concomitant administration of saffron extract to animals exposed to ZnO\u2010NPs prevented the enhanced anxiety\u2010related to the behaviour in the elevated plus\u2010maze test, the open field test and preserved spatial learning abilities in the Morris water maze. Moreover, animals exposed to ZnO\u2010NPs and saffron showed abnormal activity of several antioxidant enzymes as well as acetylcholinesterase activity, an effect that may underly the preserved anxiety\u2010like behaviour and spatial learning abilities observed in these animals. Saffron extract has a potential beneficial therapeutic effect: antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T14:34:15Z","timestamp":1685370855000},"page":"1473-1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevention of neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment induced by zinc nanoparticles by oral administration of saffron extract"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Essia","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Department of Sciences of Life, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte University of Carthage Jarzouna Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Fluid Physics, Environmental Toxicology and Biology Group UNED  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychobiology Universidad 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