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A total of 350 fertile eggs of Hubbard efficiency plus breeder's flock were incubated at normal incubation temperature (37.5\u00b0C) and randomly assembled into 3 groups with 4 replicates, and 25 eggs per each. The experimental groups were allocated as noninjected control group (CN), diluent\u2010injected group (CP, 0.1\u2009mL saline), and betaine\u2010injected group (B, 2.5\u2009mg in 0.1\u2009mL saline). The injections were performed in the air cells of the eggs on the 12th day of the embryonic phase. Hatchability percentage, hatching weight, serum\u2010reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in 7\u2010day\u2010old chicks. Moreover, expression levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2013related factor 2 (Nrf2) and SOD were determined in the breast skeletal muscles of chicks. Jejunum histo\u2010morphometric analysis was assessed with computerised morphometric measurements. The results revealed that the hatchability percentage was not influenced by in\u2010ovo injection of betaine or vehicle while betaine significantly increased the hatchling's weight of chicks. Moreover, there were a significant increase in SOD and Nrf2 mRNA expression levels. In\u2010ovo injection of betaine significantly induced positive effects on intestinal morphometry by ameliorating the jejunal villus length, the ratio of villus height to villus width, and absorptive surface area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T10:58:36Z","timestamp":1707908316000},"page":"883-890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of in\u2010ovo inoculation of betaine on hatchability, serum antioxidant levels, muscle gene expression and intestinal development of broiler chicks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5316-5931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad N.","family":"El\u2010Shater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7636-7018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Abo\u2010EL\u2010Sooud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Tolba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moataz","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Department, Feed Division Cairo Poultry Company Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Tayeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danisco Animal Nutrition &amp; Health, IFF Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gamal A.","family":"Swielim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101871"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Impact of spraying incubated eggs submitted to high temperature with ascorbic acid on embryonic development, hatchability, and some physiological responses of hatched chicks. 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