{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:34:13Z","timestamp":1791642853797,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013209","name":"Saskatchewan Pulse Growers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPG\u00a0150708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPG\u00a0150708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current research suggests yeast fermentation has the potential to improve palatability of pea\u2010based diets for both cats and dogs. However, to be useful, fermentation should not compromise other healthy attributes of peas such as a low glycemic response. Fermentation of uncooked pea starch with <jats:italic>Candida utilis<\/jats:italic> (ATCC 9950) appeared to increase crude protein, crude fiber content, inorganic compounds (phosphorus and iron) and phenols. Whole diets were designed with fermented and unfermented pea starch to assess palatability, food intake, and glycemic responses in unacclimated, mixed sex Beagle dogs and mixed breed cats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098 and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097, respectively). For palatability testing, a control diet was formulated with 30% corn starch as well as test diets with 30% inclusion of fermented or unfermented pea starch (all lab\u2010made), then compared to a commercial diet containing pea starch (Legacy\/Horizon). Fermentation had little effect on rapidly digestible starch either in uncooked starch form or when incorporated into whole diets, but did decrease resistant starch by 15% and increase slowly digestible starch by 20%. Palatability tests using either two choices or four choices at a time revealed a significant preference for the fermented pea starch diet (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) in both species. For the glycemic responses, a total of four different pea products were included: unfermented pea starch, fermented pea starch, and 30% inclusion of unfermented and fermented pea starch in whole formulated diets. There were no significant changes in glycemic responses with the fermented pea diet compared to the unfermented diet, demonstrating that healthful low glycemic properties of pea starch were retained after <jats:italic>C. utilis<\/jats:italic> fermentation. Overall, <jats:italic>C. utilis<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermentation technique was successfully adapted to pea starch where it resulted in increased palatability and food intake in dogs and cats, with potential to positively contribute to overall health benefits for both species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T10:04:23Z","timestamp":1708423463000},"page":"934-949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Determining the effects of <i>Candida utilis<\/i>\u2010fermented pea starch vs. unfermented pea starch, alone or in whole diets, on palatability and glycemic response in dogs and cats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0434-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila","family":"Curso\u2010Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Adolphe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray D.","family":"Drew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal &amp; Poultry Science, College of Agriculture &amp; Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Loewen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9631-464X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn P.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.69170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514001214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani5010043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","article-title":"AAFCO methods for substantiating nutritional adequacy of dog and cat foods","author":"Association of American Feed Controls Organization (AAFCO)","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAFCO model pet food and specialty pet food regulations"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2018.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.1.2269.6723"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Production of food grade yeasts","volume":"44","author":"Bekatorou A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Technology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(95)02133-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2021.110973"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR2005100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(96)01286-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7700-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00794.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352006000300021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.21.10.0468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Curso\u2010Almeia P.(2020).\u00a0Effect of pea starch yeast fermentation on glycemic index palatability metabolic status and intestinal health of dogs and cats fed a pea\u2010based diet.M.Sc. thesis University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.6.1424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.suppl_12.2535S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2008.04.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"S33","article-title":"Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions","volume":"46","author":"Englyst H. 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