{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T21:35:48Z","timestamp":1784756148609,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the escalating global crisis in feed protein availability, <jats:italic>Jatropha curcas<\/jats:italic> L. cake has attracted significant interest as a viable alternative protein source in animal feed. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented <jats:italic>Jatropha curcas<\/jats:italic> L. cake (FJCC) as a protein feed in the diet of pigs. A total of 96 growing pigs with an average weight of 27.60\u2009\u00b1\u20091.59\u2009kg were divided into three dietary groups with varying FJCC inclusion levels (0, 2.5, and 5%) for a 28 d trial. Results showed that the diet with 5% FJCC (FJCC5) demonstrated significant improvements in average daily gain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), feed\u2010to\u2010gain ratio (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036), nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology. Furthermore, the FJCC5 diet resulted in a decrease in pH values in different gut sections (jejunum <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045, cecum <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, colon <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012), and favorably altered the profile of short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with increased butyric acid content (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) and total SCFAs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019). Additionally, this diet notably decreased IL\u20106 levels in the jejunum (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and colon (=0.047), significantly reduced IL\u20101 levels in the hypothalamus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and lowered IL\u20101, IL\u20106, and IL\u201010 levels in plasma (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Microbiota and metabolite profile analysis revealed an elevated abundance of beneficial microbes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and key metabolites such as 4\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and serotonin (5\u2010HT) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022), linked to neuroactive ligand\u2010receptor interaction. Moreover, FJCC5 significantly boosted circulating neurotransmitter levels of 5\u2010HT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) and GABA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) in plasma and hypothalamus, with corresponding increases in precursor amino acids (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These findings suggest that FJCC, particularly at a 5% inclusion rate, can be an effective substitute for traditional protein sources like soybean meal, offering benefits beyond growth enhancement to gut health and potentially impacting the gut\u2010brain axis. This research underscores FJCC's potential as a valuable component in sustainable animal nutrition strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T18:09:51Z","timestamp":1713809391000},"page":"1243-1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Enhancing pig growth and gut health with fermented <i>Jatropha curcas<\/i> cake: Impacts on microbiota, metabolites, and neurotransmitters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7727-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Meishan Vocational Technical College Meishan China"},{"name":"Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Dongpo District Meishan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-7528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangmang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2102878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","article-title":"Official method of analysis, 16th ed","author":"AOAC","year":"1995","journal-title":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists Washington 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