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Twenty ewes at 130 days of gestation were randomly allocated to either the positive energy balance (PEB) or NEB groups. In the experiment, ewes in the PEB group were fed the same amount as their intake during the pre\u2010feeding baseline period, while ewes in the NEB group were restricted to 70% of their individual baseline feed intake. The experiment was conducted until 42 days postpartum, and five double\u2010lamb ewes per group were selected for slaughter. The results demonstrated that NEB led to a significant decrease in body weight, carcass weight, and the birth and weaning weights of lambs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, NEB caused alterations in serum biochemical parameters, such as increased non\u2010esterified fatty acids and \u03b2\u2010hydroxybutyrate levels and decreased cholesterol and albumin levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Rumen fermentation and epithelial parameters were also affected, with a reduction in the concentrations of acetic acid, butyric acid, total acid and a decrease in the length of the rumen papilla (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, NEB induced changes in the structure and composition of ruminal bacteria, with significant differences in \u03b1\u2010diversity indices and rumen microbial community composition (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Gene expression in rumen papilla and ewe placenta was also affected, impacting genes associated with glucose and amino acid transport, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These findings screened the key microbiota in the rumen of ewes following NEB and highlighted the critical genes associated with rumen function. Furthermore, this study revealed the impact of NEB on placental function in ewes, providing a foundation for investigating how nutrition in ewes influences reproductive performance. This research demonstrates how nutrition regulates reproductive performance by considering the combined perspectives of rumen microbiota and placental function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.14009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T10:14:45Z","timestamp":1720001685000},"page":"1747-1760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Negative energy balance affects perinatal ewe performance, rumen morphology, rumen flora structure, and placental function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8409-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Goats and Sheep Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 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