{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T04:03:28Z","timestamp":1742443408423,"version":"3.40.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nitrogen\u2010free diet (NFD) method for determining basal ileal endogenous losses (BEL) of amino acids (AA) has been associated with different metabolic abnormalities that can affect the accurate determination of BEL. Consequently, the use of highly digestible proteins has been suggested. This study aimed to determine the metabolic status and BEL of AA in pigs fed either an NFD or a casein (CAS) diet. Eight cannulated, castrated male pigs (39.8\u2009kg) were randomly assigned to a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 crossover design. An NFD diet based on corn starch, dextrose, cellulose, oil, vitamins and minerals was used. The CAS diet was equivalent, but 18% of the corn starch was replaced with casein. Pigs were fed one of the diets for a 7\u2010day period, and blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of each period to determine plasma metabolites. Ileal digesta samples were collected on Days 6 and 7 to estimate the BEL of the AA. Results indicated that plasma albumin was significantly higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in pigs fed the CAS diet, whereas creatinine and LDL levels were higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.03) in pigs fed the NFD. No significant differences were observed in the levels of other plasma metabolites. The BEL of protein did not differ between diets. However, in pigs fed the CAS diet, the BEL of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine and valine significantly increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while isoleucine showed a tendency to increase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06). In conclusion, NFD did not significantly affect energy and lipid metabolism in pigs. However, the decrease in albumin synthesis and increase in plasma creatinine levels indicate that pigs fed NFD have a negative protein balance, affecting the estimation of the BEL of AA. Therefore, it is essential to consider the metabolic state of animals when estimating the BEL of AA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.14067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T06:29:36Z","timestamp":1731047376000},"page":"487-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determination of Plasma Metabolites and Basal Ileal Endogenous Amino Acid Losses in Growing Pigs Fed a Nitrogen\u2010Free or Casein Diet"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Iris Elisa","family":"\u00c1vila\u2010Arres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias de la Producci\u00f3n y de la Salud Animal Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Cuautitlan Izcalli Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9025-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e9rcia Ces\u00e1ria","family":"Reis De Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro Queretaro Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ericka","family":"Ram\u00edrez\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Fisiolog\u00eda y Mejoramiento Animal INIFAP Queretaro Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6684-4765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Mariscal\u2010Land\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Fisiolog\u00eda y Mejoramiento Animal INIFAP Queretaro Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txy069"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","DOI":"10.1139\/cjas-2018-0124"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.004"},{"volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis","year":"2000","author":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14132000"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101269"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","DOI":"10.1309\/LMKRNRGW5J03APZQ"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2017.1312832"},{"volume-title":"Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations","year":"1990","author":"Busher J.","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740610106"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-022-00273-y"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.05.003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.446"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Importance of Nutrients and Nutrient Metabolism on Human Health","volume":"91","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.70123781x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","DOI":"10.2741\/3820"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzy083"},{"unstructured":"Diario Oficial de la Federaci\u00f3n. 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