{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:38:55Z","timestamp":1782297535143,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Variation in nutritional profile and availability of high\u2010quality forages remain primary challenges for efficient heifer rearing on a forage\u2010based diet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of limit feeding forage\u2010free diet on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood metabolites, behavior, health, and mammary parenchyma of prepubertal dairy heifers. Sixteen prepubertal heifers (Body weight\u2009=\u2009168\u2009\u00b1\u200932Kg) divided into 8 pens (2 heifers\/pen) were used in a completely randomized design (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094 pen\/treatment) to compare the effect of a diet containing 20% forage with a forage\u2010free diet. Limit feeding forage\u2010free diet improved the feed efficiency by 10% and ADG by 11.36% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) without negatively affecting the body measurements, health parameters, and blood metabolites (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.23). In udder, three\u2010quarters of heifers fed a forage\u2010free diet had greater (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) mammary parenchyma growth than the heifers fed a 20% forage diet. Teat lengths and behavioral measurements except rumination time were not affected (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) by the forage\u2010free diet. Heifers fed a 20% forage diet had greater rumination time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) than the heifers fed a forage\u2010free diet. Limit feeding forage\u2010free diet can be adopted in prepubertal dairy heifers for the improvement in feed efficiency and mammary parenchyma growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.14108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T17:08:01Z","timestamp":1740330481000},"page":"965-973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Forage\u2010Free Diet on the Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, Blood Metabolites, and Mammary Gland Parenchyma of Prepubertal Holstein Heifers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Pattoki Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafiq Ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Pattoki Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zafar","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Production University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Pattoki Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Pattoki Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arslan","family":"Qayyum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Care Sciences Company Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhamad","family":"Naveed\u2010ul\u2010Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Pattoki Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Mohsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Production University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Pattoki Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Oneeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Usman Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8781-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazanfar Ali","family":"Chishti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Pattoki Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"AOAC International.2000.Official Methods of Analysis17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800058896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800054813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.7592561x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73400-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(94)77212-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-4029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)32513-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2008.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77656-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)71578-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77436-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3767"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75406-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73479-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1990.68103086x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0570"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Eighth Revised Edition","author":"National Academies of Sciences E, & Medicine","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition","author":"National Research Council (NRC)","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.7.994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2010.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.753828x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75632-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-10924"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)73071-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)30740-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12959"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpn.14108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T10:35:56Z","timestamp":1752748556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpn.14108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpn.14108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpn.14108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-2439","1439-0396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-2439","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0396","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}