{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T20:04:54Z","timestamp":1774296294104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to assess the current use of cannabidiol supplements (CBDS) by Portuguese small animal veterinary practitioners. An anonymous online survey questioning the frequency of CBDS use, purpose of use and the perceived outcome was developed using Microsoft Forms, and targeted veterinarians currently working in small animal clinics in Portugal. Among the 186 responses obtained, 166 met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. From the responses included (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009166), 5% (8\/166) never used CBDS. From the ones using CBDS, 71% (112\/158) used it frequently or with high frequency in dogs and 59% (92\/158) in cats. In a multiple selection question from respondents that never used CBDS, 75% (6\/8) cite lack of knowledge about their properties and applications as the main reason for not using them, suggesting that a lack of knowledge is preventing 4% (6\/166) of the respondents from considering the CBDS as a therapeutic tool. Many respondents reported to be satisfied or very satisfied in using CBDS for: oncological diseases (93%; 106\/114), management of chronic pain (92%; 144\/156), behaviour changes\/stress (83%; 90\/109), or as an anti\u2010inflammatory drug (76%; 83\/109). Additionally, in an open\u2010answer question, some respondents referred to the use of CBDS for other purposes, namely: cognitive dysfunction, appetite stimulant, feline gingivostomatitis, geriatric animals, senility and wound healing. The most frequent adverse effects were hypersialia\/sialorrhea (28%; 44\/158) and apathy (25%; 39\/158). About 34% (53\/158) of respondents did not identify any adverse effects. This survey revealed that a significant proportion of Portuguese companion animal veterinarians are already prescribing CBDS in their clinical practice with a perceived benefit in oncological diseases, chronic pain, behavioural changes\/stress and anti\u2010inflammatory effects. These findings indicated widespread awareness and confidence in using these products among Portuguese companion animal veterinarians. No conclusions on the actual efficacy of CBD can be drawn from the present study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T19:29:34Z","timestamp":1774294174000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Cannabidiol Supplements Use in Small Animals Practice in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1995-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Tr\u00e1s\u2010os\u2010Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV) University of Tr\u00e1s\u2010os\u2010Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS) Vila Real Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Tr\u00e1s\u2010os\u2010Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV) University of Tr\u00e1s\u2010os\u2010Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS) Vila Real Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13619"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-081122-070236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21737-2_8","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Cannabinoid Physiology and Pathology","author":"Amin M. R.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13172716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.80a.12122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82439-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527313666140612114838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"Decree\u2010Law No. 8\/2019 of January 15 184.2019.https:\/\/diariodarepublica.pt\/dr\/detalhe\/decreto-lei\/8-2019-117821810."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o\u2010Geral de Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e Veterin\u00e1ria (DGAV).2024.Technical Clarification No. 1\/DGAV\/2024: Legal Framework for Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and Hemp\u2010Based Products as Animal Feed.https:\/\/www.dgav.pt\/destaques\/noticias\/esclarecimento-tecnico-n-o-1-dgav-2024-enquadramento-legal-de-canhamo-em-alimentos-para-animais\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.939966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Gaspar M. I. da C.2021. \u201cA Survey of the Attitudes Beliefs and Knowledge About Medical Cannabis Among Vegetarians Veterinary Students and Atopic Dog Owners.\u201d Master's thesis Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon.https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10400.5\/21692."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1057"},{"issue":"29","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Consumers' Perceptions of Hemp Products for Animals","volume":"42","author":"Kogan L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"749","article-title":"Canadian Dog Owners' Use and Perceptions of Cannabis Products","volume":"60","author":"Kogan L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal\u2009=\u2009La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948980260020401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1285384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.254.11.1301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-7119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.569565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"OMV.2025.Estat\u00edsticas.Ordem Dos M\u00e9dicos Veterin\u00e1rios.https:\/\/www.omv.pt\/omv\/estatisticas."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj070364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27725"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2013.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.796673"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2022.7322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.08.001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpn.70059","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jpn.70059","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpn.70059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T19:29:36Z","timestamp":1774294176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpn.70059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpn.70059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpn.70059","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-2439","1439-0396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-2439","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0396","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jpn.70059"}}