{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:45:57Z","timestamp":1785930357649,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The present study evaluated the effects of dietary\n                    <jats:italic>Ocimum gratissimum<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extract (OGE) on growth performance, haemato\u2010biochemical responses, immune status, and tissue integrity in\n                    <jats:italic>Labeo rohita<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Hamilton, 1822). Among different solvent fractions, ethanol and acetone extracts exhibited superior antibacterial activity against major fish pathogenic bacteria. The ethanolic extract demonstrated strong bactericidal activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Edwardsiella piscicida<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Aeromonas veronii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. sobria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Serratia nematodiphilia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas putida<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.0078 to 0.0156\u2009mg\u2009mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Time\u2010kill kinetics further confirmed concentration\u2010 and time\u2010dependent antibacterial effects, with \u2265\u20093\u00d7 MIC producing marked reductions in viable bacterial counts. A 90\u2010day dose standardisation feeding trial using graded dietary inclusion levels of OGE (1\u00d7\u20134\u00d7 MIC) identified supplementation at 3\u00d7 MIC for 60 days as the optimum regimen for sustained enhancement of innate immune and antioxidant responses in\n                    <jats:italic>L. rohita<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Fish fed the 3\u00d7 MIC diet exhibited markedly higher respiratory burst activity, ceruloplasmin, antiprotease activity, myeloperoxidase, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Dietary OGE supplementation markedly improved growth performance, including final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. Haematological indices showed no adverse changes during the feeding phase but improved significantly following\n                    <jats:italic>A. veronii<\/jats:italic>\n                    challenge, with elevated RBC, WBC, haemoglobin, and packed cell volume in OGE\u2010fed group. Serum biochemical analyses revealed transient elevations of glucose, cholesterol, total protein, ALT, AST, LDH, and CRP in OGE\u2010fed fish, accompanied by faster recovery towards basal levels following infection. Dietary OGE supplementation also improved post\u2010challenge survival against\n                    <jats:italic>A. veronii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, resulting in a relative percent survival (RPS) of 71.4%. Histopathological severity scoring further demonstrated significantly reduced renal and hepatic lesion scores in OGE\u2010fed fish, whereas the positive control group developed progressive lesions characterised by tubular degeneration, glomerulonephritis, hepatocellular necrosis, vacuolation, and cellular hypertrophy. Overall, dietary supplementation with OGE at 3\u00d7 MIC for 60 days effectively enhanced growth, immune competence, antioxidant defence, haemato\u2010biochemical stability, and tissue integrity in\n                    <jats:italic>L. rohita<\/jats:italic>\n                    , highlighting its potential as a sustainable phytogenic feed additive in aquaculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.70094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:04:36Z","timestamp":1785927876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary\n                    <i>Ocimum gratissimum<\/i>\n                    Leaf Extract Modulates Growth Performance, Haemato\u2010Biochemical Responses, Immune Competence and Histological Health in\n                    <i>Labeo rohita<\/i>\n                    (Hamilton, 1822)"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5964-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhana","family":"Hoque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Centre, ICAR\u2010Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhanshu Sekhar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rathindra Nath","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Centre, ICAR\u2010Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhendu","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Centre, ICAR\u2010Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baidya Nath","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Centre, ICAR\u2010Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arabinda","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Centre, ICAR\u2010Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajmal","family":"Hussan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Centre, ICAR\u2010Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhas","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Centre, ICAR\u2010Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10454438.2019.1574690"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.04.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/naaq.10358"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082167"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Phytochemical Constituent and Antioxidant Activity of Extract From the Leaves of Ocimum Gratissimum","volume":"2","author":"Akinmoladun A. 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