{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:53:42Z","timestamp":1791298422926,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fishmeal shortage requires replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in aquafeeds. Over\u2010fatness of viscera degrades the efficiency and quality of the fillet in farmed grass carp. Prickly ash seed meal (PASM) provides both high levels of PUFAs and bioactives, but its potential is still unevaluated for lipid regulation and fillet nutrition of this species. We hypothesised that dietary PASM would reduce liver lipid production and enhance fillet fatty acid composition without compromising growth. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with PASM at graded inclusion level: PAS 0 (control, 0% PASM), PAS 2.5 (2.5% PASM), PAS 5.0 (5.0% PASM), PAS 7.5 (7.5% PASM), PAS 10 (10% PASM), and fed to juvenile grass carp (9.21\u2009\u00b1\u20091.20\u2009g) in five groups respectively for a period of 56\u2009days. Growth performance, viscerosomatic index (VSI), relative intestinal length (RIL), intraperitoneal fat index (IPFI), proximate tissue composition, fatty acid profiles, hepatic histology and gene expression of the lipid metabolism genes (ppar\u03b3, fas, dgat\u20101, ppar\u03b1, cpt\u20101) were evaluated. Growth and survival were unaffected by PASM inclusion up to 10%. VSI and RIL increased with higher inclusion of PASM (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) indicating improved gut development, while IPFI showed a tendency to drop with the higher level of PASM inclusion. PASM supplementation dose\u2010dependently increased crude protein content and decreased lipid content in hepatopancreas and muscle, accompanied by reduced adipocyte size in visceral adipose tissue. Hepatic expression of lipogenic genes (\n                    <jats:italic>ppar\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>fas<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>dgat1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was significantly downregulated, while lipolytic genes (\n                    <jats:italic>ppar\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>cpt1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) exhibited a transient upregulation at 5% inclusion. Fatty acid profiling revealed enhanced deposition of n\u20103 PUFAs, particularly \u03b1\u2010linolenic acid (C18:3n\u20103) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n\u20103), in fillets, resulting in an improved n\u20103\/n\u20106 PUFA ratio. Dietary PASM at 7.5%\u201310% (PAS 7.5 and PAS 10) effectively suppresses hepatic lipogenesis and improves fillet fatty acid nutritional quality in grass carp, positioning PASM as a promising functional ingredient for sustainable aquaculture feed formulations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:33:28Z","timestamp":1791297208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Prickly Ash Seed Meal Suppresses Hepatic Lipogenesis and Improves Fillet Fatty Acid Profiles in Grass Carp (\n                    <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7415-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&amp;F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0431-7294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahid","family":"Sherzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&amp;F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jishu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&amp;F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Journal of AOAC International","author":"AOAC International","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14651","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c01995","article-title":"Alpha\u2010Linolenic Acid From Zanthoxylum Seed Powder Regulates Fatty Acid Metabolism and Influences Meat Quality of Pekin Duck via the ADIPOQ\/AMPK\/CPT\u20111 Pathway","volume":"73","author":"Cai Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-014-3939-y","article-title":"Fatty Acid\u2010Specific Alterations in Leptin, PPAR\u03b1, and CPT\u20101 Gene Expression in the Rainbow Trout","volume":"49","author":"Coccia E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6044","DOI":"10.1021\/jf4007856","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil From Green Huajiao (Zanthoxylum Schinifolium) Against Selected Foodborne Pathogens","volume":"61","author":"Diao W. 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C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2025.102911","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Lipid Source and Level on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatic Metabolism in Marine Teleost Trachinotus Ovatus: Insights From Fatty Acid Composition","volume":"43","author":"Zhang G.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102172","article-title":"Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim. (Rutaceae): A Systematic Review of Its Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology","volume":"18","author":"Zhang M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108623","article-title":"Identification and Analysis of Long Non\u2010Coding RNAs That Are Involved in Response to GCRV Infection in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella)","volume":"134","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpn.70118","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jpn.70118","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpn.70118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:33:33Z","timestamp":1791297213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpn.70118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpn.70118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpn.70118","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-2439","1439-0396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-2439","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0396","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jpn.70118"}}