{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T18:51:09Z","timestamp":1792349469202,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u2010RS\u20102023\u201000275307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u2010RS\u20102023\u201000275307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Calcium (Ca) is one of the most critical macro\u2010minerals in poultry nutrition, playing a fundamental role in skeletal integrity, eggshell formation, and numerous metabolic processes. In laying hens, particularly those in the late laying period, adequate calcium supply is essential because these birds must continuously mobilize Ca for eggshell mineralization while maintaining bone homeostasis. This study evaluated the effects of graded levels of slow\u2010releasing calcium on performance, egg quality, nutrient retention, and blood mineral and bone turnover responses in aged laying hens. A total of 336, 54\u2010week\u2010old Hy\u2010line brown laying hens were randomly allocated to four treatments (7 replications, 12 hens per cage) fed on a corn\u2013soybean meal\u2013based diet supplemented with slow\u2010releasing calcium (SR\u2010Ca) at 0% (CON), 0.25% (TRT 1), 0.5% (TRT 2), or 0.75% (TRT 3) for 12 weeks. Growth performance parameters, including body weight, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, were not significantly affected by dietary treatments (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Egg production rate and egg weight were also not significantly affected (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) throughout the experimental period. The proportion of downgraded eggs did not differ significantly during 54\u201360 weeks (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) but was significantly reduced from 61 to 66 weeks of age (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in hens supplemented with 0.75% and 0.5% of SR\u2010Ca. Egg quality parameters were not significantly affected (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) during 54\u201360 weeks except for eggshell thickness which was improved by increasing levels of SR\u2010Ca (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) during week 60. However, from 61 to 66 weeks, eggshell strength and eggshell thickness were significantly increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in hens fed the 0.75% SR\u2010Ca diet compared with the control and lower inclusion levels. Apparent retention of ash and phosphorus was not significantly affected by dietary treatments (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05), whereas calcium retention increased linearly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in hens fed the 0.75% SR\u2010Ca diet. Blood calcium concentration increased linearly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) among treatments at all post\u2010feeding sampling times. Concentrations of parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, and C\u2010telopeptide were significantly reduced (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) at later post\u2010feeding hours in hens supplemented with 0.75% of SR\u2010Ca. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of SR\u2010Ca up to 0.75% improved eggshell quality, enhanced calcium retention, increased circulating calcium, and reduced bone turnover in aged laying hens without adversely affecting performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T18:30:22Z","timestamp":1792348222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Slow\u2010Releasing Calcium Using Coating Technology Improves Egg Production and Quality by Enhancing Calcium Absorption in Aged Laying Hens"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0833-9866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Settuba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology Dankook University Cheonan Choongnam South Korea"},{"name":"Smart Animal Bio institute Dankook University Cheonan Choongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9308-5573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taehwan","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine Dankook University Cheonan Choongnam South\u00a0Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6652-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology Dankook University Cheonan Choongnam South Korea"},{"name":"Smart Animal Bio institute Dankook University Cheonan Choongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.5455\/japa.20130718034818","article-title":"Effect of Dietary Calcium Sources on Laying Hens' Performance and Egg Quality","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Production Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.15.0655"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC International","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9030110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2004.442.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.184.1.63","article-title":"Medullary Bone and Avian Calcium Regulation","volume":"184","author":"Dacke C. G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14060878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.678054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"552","article-title":"The Haugh Unit for Measuring Egg Quality","volume":"43","author":"Haugh H.","year":"1937","journal-title":"U.S. Egg & Poultry Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0650114","volume-title":"The Effect of Dietary Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus on Performance and Retention of These Nutrients by Laying Hens","author":"Keshavarz K.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2017.1344935"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0721510","article-title":"Response of Brown\u2010Egg Strain Layers to Dietary Calcium or Phosphorus","volume":"72","author":"Leeson S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AN17389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0140022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry","author":"National Research Council","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0200081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture14020256"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13061042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Roland Sr. D. A.1987. \u201cCalcium and Other Factors Involved in Maintaining Eggshell Quality in Commercial Leghorns.\u201d In Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference pp. 96\u2013100. Little Rock AR."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"SAS\u00ae 9.4 Software","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19930002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62779-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AN19017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0200001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2017.132.138"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpn.70121","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jpn.70121","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpn.70121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T18:30:25Z","timestamp":1792348225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpn.70121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpn.70121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpn.70121","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-2439","1439-0396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-2439","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0396","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jpn.70121"}}