{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:12:41Z","timestamp":1790151161517,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF","award":["OCE-0850421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE-0850421"]}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["OCE-1314642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE-1314642"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1-P01-ES021923-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-P01-ES021923-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["41306095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41306095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science","award":["XDA11020405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA11020405"]}]},{"name":"CAS scientific project of innovation and interdisciplinary"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Phycology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"Following the identification of the first toxic isolate of D<\/jats:styled-content>inophysis acuminata<\/jats:italic> from the northwestern A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic, we conducted detailed investigations into the morphology, phylogeny, physiology, and toxigenicity of three isolates from three sites within the northeastern U.S.\/C<\/jats:styled-content>anada region: E<\/jats:styled-content>el P<\/jats:styled-content>ond and M<\/jats:styled-content>artha's V<\/jats:styled-content>ineyard, M<\/jats:styled-content>assachusetts, and the B<\/jats:styled-content>ay of F<\/jats:styled-content>undy. Another isolate, collected from the G<\/jats:styled-content>ulf of M<\/jats:styled-content>exico, was grown under the same light, temperature, and prey conditions for\u00a0comparison. Despite observed phenotypic heterogeneity, morphometrics and molecular evidence classified the three northwestern A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic isolates as D<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0acuminata <\/jats:italic>C<\/jats:styled-content>lapar\u00e8de & L<\/jats:styled-content>achmann, whereas the isolate from the G<\/jats:styled-content>ulf of M<\/jats:styled-content>exico was morphologically identified as D<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>. cf. ovum<\/jats:italic>. Physiological and toxin analyses supported these classifications, with the three northwestern A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic isolates being more similar to each other with respect to growth rate, toxin profile, and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP<\/jats:styled-content>) toxin content (okadaic acid + dinophysistoxin 1\/cell) than they were to the isolate from the G<\/jats:styled-content>ulf of M<\/jats:styled-content>exico, which had toxin profiles similar to those published for D<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>. cf. ovum <\/jats:italic>F<\/jats:styled-content>. S<\/jats:styled-content>ch\u00fctt. The DSP<\/jats:styled-content> toxin content, 0.01\u20131.8\u00a0pg okadaic acid (OA<\/jats:styled-content>) + dinophysistoxin (DTX<\/jats:styled-content>1) per cell, of the three northwestern A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic isolates was low relative to other D<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0acuminata<\/jats:italic> strains from elsewhere in the world, consistent with the relative scarcity of shellfish harvesting closures due to DSP<\/jats:styled-content> toxins in the northeastern U.S. and C<\/jats:styled-content>anada. If this pattern is repeated with the analyses of more geographically and temporally dispersed isolates from the region, it would appear that the risk of significant DSP<\/jats:styled-content> toxin outbreaks in the northwestern A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic is low to moderate. Finally, the morphological, physiological, and toxicological variability within D<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0acuminata<\/jats:italic> may reflect spatial (and\/or temporal) population structure, and suggests that sub\u2010specific resolution may be helpful in characterizing bloom dynamics and predicting toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,24]],"date-time":"2014-10-24T11:14:03Z","timestamp":1414149243000},"page":"66-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Characterization and comparison of toxin\u2010producing isolates of Dinophysis acuminata<\/i> from New England and Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China"},{"name":"Biology Department and the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department and the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA"},{"name":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William and Mary Gloucester Point Virginia 23062 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mindy","family":"Richlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department and the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Steidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission St Petersburg Florida 33701 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Kulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department and the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elie","family":"Fux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Seafood Science and Technology U.S. FDA Dauphin Island Alabama 36528 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department and the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00680222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2009.00791.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Marine Dinoflagellates of the British Isles","author":"Dodge J. 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