{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:31:10Z","timestamp":1791401470396,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,25]],"date-time":"2017-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511568000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":299,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT120100704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT120100704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Phycology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Gambierdiscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a genus of benthic dinoflagellates found worldwide. Some species produce neurotoxins (maitotoxins and ciguatoxins) that bioaccumulate and cause ciguatera fish poisoning (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), a potentially fatal food\u2010borne illness that is common worldwide in tropical regions. The investigation of toxigenic species of\n                    <jats:italic>Gambierdiscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    endemic regions in Australia is necessary as a first step to determine which species of\n                    <jats:italic>Gambierdiscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    are related to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cases occurring in this region. In this study, we characterized five strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Gambierdiscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected from Heron Island, Australia, a region in which ciguatera is endemic. Clonal cultures were assessed using (i) light microscopy; (ii) scanning electron microscopy; (iii)\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    sequencing based on the nuclear encoded ribosomal 18S and D8\u2010D10 28S regions; (iv) toxicity via mouse bioassay; and (v) toxin profile as determined by Liquid Chromatography\u2010Mass Spectrometry. Both the morphological and phylogenetic data indicated that these strains represent a new species of\n                    <jats:italic>Gambierdiscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>G.\u00a0lapillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. (plate formula Po, 3\u2032, 0a, 7\u2033, 6c, 7\u20108s, 5\u2034, 0p, 2\u2033\u2033 and distinctive by size and hatchet\u2010shaped 2\u2032 plate). Culture extracts were found to be toxic using the mouse bioassay. Using chemical analysis, it was determined that they did not contain maitotoxin (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1) or known algal\u2010derived ciguatoxin analogs (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    3B, 3C,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4A, 4B), but that they contained putative\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    3, and likely other unknown compounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,25]],"date-time":"2016-11-25T03:56:58Z","timestamp":1480046218000},"page":"283-297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Characterization of\n                    <i>Gambierdiscus lapillus<\/i>\n                    sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae): a new toxic dinoflagellate from the Great Barrier Reef (Australia)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Anna Liza","family":"Kretzschmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Change Cluster (C3) University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales 2007 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Change Cluster (C3) University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales 2007 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Harwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cawthron Institute The Wood Nelson 7010 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Hoppenrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg Research Institute German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research 26382 Wilhelmshaven Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shauna","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Change Cluster (C3) University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales 2007 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.45.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms, GEOHAB core research project: HABs\u00a0in benthic systems","author":"Berdalet E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-28-3-360.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2014.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.1999.3561282.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002270050623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1997.00036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"The chemistry of ciguatoxins: from the first records to current challenges of monitoring programs","volume":"1","author":"Diog\u00e8ned J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxins and Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2006.00060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1995.00996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2014.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md6030456"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"1421","volume-title":"Algae of Australia: Phytoplankton of Temperate Coastal Waters","author":"Hallegraeff G. 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