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Traditional methods, such as visual monitoring by SCUBA diving or snorkeling, are costly, labor\u2010intensive, and limited in temporal and spatial coverage. This study explores substituting these methods with environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques for giant kelp (<jats:italic>Macrocystis pyrifera<\/jats:italic>, order Laminariales). This laboratory study aimed to determine the minimum detectable concentration of zoospores and sporophyte tissue needed for detecting the reproductive phenology of <jats:italic>M. pyrifera<\/jats:italic> and to assess the ability and sensitivity to discriminate between life stages. The study involved syringe\u2010filtering seawater samples through 0.45\u2010\u03bcm pore\u2010size filters before quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis with species\u2010specific primers. There was a strong positive correlation between zoospore concentration and eDNA copies per \u03bcL (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.982, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and a weak correlation for sporophyte wet weight (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.367, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.134). There was a significant difference between zoospore and zoospore + sporophyte treatments (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010), indicating the substantial influence of sporophyte tissue on detected eDNA quantity. Sporophyte tissue obscures the zoospore signal, especially at lower zoospore concentrations (&lt;37 zoospores \u00b7 mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), highlighting that eDNA analysis is suitable for monitoring reproductive peaks and broader patterns in seasonal reproduction cycles of giant kelp when zoospore concentrations are high.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T05:09:56Z","timestamp":1742360996000},"page":"288-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Applications of environmental <scp>DNA<\/scp> monitoring for seaweed reproductive phenology: A case study with giant kelp (<i>Macrocystis pyrifera<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Madeline R.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Burridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharee","family":"McCammon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Smolenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9965-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catriona L.","family":"Hurd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4291-6239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wouter","family":"Visch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.5389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-011841-3.50011-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MF15232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.951538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10152\u2010010\u20100211\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aap9661"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps13510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210X.12709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1942498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2937118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1996.41.8.1758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2216\/15\u201024.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00392498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010023\u201005833\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.871204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201037385\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12850"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization. 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