{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:05:24Z","timestamp":1791050724622,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001863","name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPNP18016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPNP18016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Phycology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is involved in the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to oxaloacetate (OAA). In addition to playing a role in gluconeogenesis in various organisms, PEPCK also functions in the C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    cycle to concentrate CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    for photosynthesis in some C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    plants. Brown algae harbor genes related to the C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    cycle, including the PEPCK gene, and are proposed to employ a C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    cycle\u2010like pathway. However, little is known about the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010concentrating mechanisms and the properties of the enzymes involved in brown algae. Here, we obtained soluble recombinant PEPCKs of five brown algae and carried out biochemical analyses. The five PEPCKs were ATP\u2010dependent and displayed similar or higher specific activities compared with their counterparts from other organisms. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from\n                    <jats:italic>Ishige okamurae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Io<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010PEPCK) exhibited the highest specific activity in both carboxylation and decarboxylation directions, with values of 48.4 and 63.3\u2009\u03bcmol \u0387 min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u0387 mg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>Io<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010PEPCK displayed a\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>cat<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>mHCO3<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of 9.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u0387 M\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u0387 s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , much higher than those of previously characterized PEPCKs. The response of PEPCK activity to various metabolites showed that citrate and malate inhibited the carboxylation but promoted the decarboxylation activity of\n                    <jats:italic>Io<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010PEPCK. Various ATP concentrations resulted in different degrees of inhibition on the carboxylation activity of PEPCK, suggesting that ATP concentration potentially regulates PEPCK activity in brown algae. The analysis of cell extracts from\n                    <jats:italic>I. okamurae<\/jats:italic>\n                    suggested that PEPCK rather than PEPC dominates the carboxylation in this brown alga. Based on previous knowledge and the results presented here, a model for a C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    cycle\u2010like pathway in brown algae has been proposed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T13:50:01Z","timestamp":1755093001000},"page":"1321-1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biochemical characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases from multiple species of brown algae"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Jian\u2010qiang","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University  Kyoto 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