{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:41:12Z","timestamp":1776933672211,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011705","name":"Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology promotion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102023\u201000256330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102023\u201000256330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011705","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000351443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000351443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M316A1085991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M316A1085991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Phycology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The syndinean genus\n                    <jats:italic>Amoebophrya<\/jats:italic>\n                    comprises endoparasitic dinoflagellates that infect various marine protists. Since the description of the type species,\n                    <jats:italic>A. sticholonchae,<\/jats:italic>\n                    a parasite of the radiolarian\n                    <jats:italic>Sticholonche zanclea<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an additional six\n                    <jats:italic>Amoebophrya<\/jats:italic>\n                    species have been formally described. Over the past 2 decades, intensive high\u2010throughput environmental sequencing has discovered widespread and extensive diversity of novel marine alveolate group II (MALV II), generally considered the Amoebophryidae. Of the large number of uncultured environmental sequences, only several clades of MALV II are associated with a few sequences representing the\n                    <jats:italic>Amoebophrya ceratii<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex (ACC) infecting free\u2010living dinoflagellates. In this study, we examined developmental traits and molecular signatures of\n                    <jats:italic>A. sticholonchae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and nine members of the ACC infecting diverse dinoflagellates from Korean coastal waters. Molecular phylogeny inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>A. sticholonchae<\/jats:italic>\n                    clustered with radiolarian\u2010associated sequences, forming a basal lineage to the ACC, which comprised eight distinct clades (ACC1\u20138). Developmental traits were phylogenetically structured. Of the eight clades, ACC1\u20134 infected host nuclei and lacked temporary polyploidy, except that cytoplasmic infection occurred in\n                    <jats:italic>Karlodinium veneficum<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells containing multiple parasites; ACC5 and ACC8 exhibited cytoplasmic infection with temporary polyploidy, except for\n                    <jats:italic>Prorocentrum micans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , showing a similar frequency of cytoplasmic and nuclear infections, and ACC6\u20137 showed nuclear infection accompanied by temporary polyploidy. In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic>A. sticholonchae<\/jats:italic>\n                    uniquely combined cytoplasmic infection with the absence of temporary polyploidy. Although complex, these results suggest that phylogenetic divergence of the ACC group is generally consistent with developmental stage\u2010specific characteristics, which is potentially useful in future taxonomic classification of this diverse lineage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.70160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T12:30:53Z","timestamp":1774873853000},"page":"689-702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unveiling the phylogenetic position of the type species of the syndinean genus\n                    <i>Amoebophrya<\/i>\n                    and broad divergence of the\n                    <i>A. ceratii<\/i>\n                    complex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4431-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunju","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Major of Oceanography, Division of Earth Environmental System Science Pukyong National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3886-6497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiae","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Major of Oceanography, Division of Earth Environmental System Science Pukyong National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0636-189X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. Wayne","family":"Coats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Environmental Research Center  Edgewater Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis in Sticholonche zanclea und Acanthometridenarten vorkommenden Parasiten (Spiralk\u00f6per Fol, Amoebophrya K\u00f6ppen)","volume":"63","author":"Borgert A.","year":"1898","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Wissenschaftliche Zoologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2012.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude des p\u00e9ridiniens parasites: Cytologie, cycles \u00e9volutifs","volume":"6","author":"Cachon J.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Annales Des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"535","article-title":"Ultrastructures des Amoebophryidae (P\u00e9ridiniens Duboscquodinida). 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L'ordre nouveau des Coelomastigina dans les Flagell\u00e9s","volume":"200","author":"Chatton \u00c9.","year":"1935","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus de l'Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550\u20107408.1994.tb01520.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529\u20108817.2002.01200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1261605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2006.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Physiological ecology of harmful algal blooms","author":"Elbr\u00e4chter M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/ame042277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462\u2010\u20102920.2008.01731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550\u20107408.1999.tb04605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550\u20107408.2002.tb00230.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529\u20108817.2006.00277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550\u20107408.2007.00295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529\u20108817.2004.04002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Hyalosaccus ceratii nov. gen. et sp., parasite Dinoflagellate","volume":"16","author":"Koeppen N.","year":"1899","journal-title":"Zapiski Kievskogo Obshchestva"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378\u20101119(88)90066\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2011.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Handbook of methods in aquatic microbial ecology","author":"Montagnes D. 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