{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:10:12Z","timestamp":1789031412268,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000041","name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23\u2010AERF\u2010PAC\u2010036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23\u2010AERF\u2010PAC\u2010036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT26937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT26937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Phycology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Kelp forests are declining in many parts of the world due to climate change and other stressors. Restoration is one solution to return kelp forests to places where they have been lost, yet continually warming oceans may necessitate the identification of thermally tolerant strains to facilitate the long\u2010term success of kelp restoration. The Salish Sea is a waterway in British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State, United States, where ocean temperatures increasingly exceed the thermal limit for bull kelp (\n                    <jats:italic>Nereocystis luetkeana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), causing substantial losses along parts of its range. To identify thermally tolerant source material, we cultured bull kelp sourced from five populations along a thermal gradient in the northern Salish Sea and outplanted them in a common garden experiment at a warm site where bull kelp has been extirpated: Maude Reef on Hornby Island. We tracked stipe length, blade elongation, blade condition, sorus formation, and persistence. Kelp from the nearest cool site reached the largest sizes overall and produced the most sori. In the warm summer, kelp from the nearest warm site had significantly greater blade elongation rates and persisted longer than kelp from distant sites. Blade opacity did not show any distinct pattern, suggesting that loss of photosynthetic pigmentation is likely not the mechanism or consequence of observed differences in growth rate. Significant population\u2010level variation in growth and blade condition may hint at possible adaptive strategies for heat avoidance in bull kelp. From these findings, we suggest population sourcing or mixture strategies that may increase restoration success.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.70232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:40:54Z","timestamp":1789029654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying thermally tolerant bull kelp (\n                    <i>Nereocystis luetkeana<\/i>\n                    ) source populations for restoration under climate change"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4030-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren N.","family":"Dykman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"The Kelp Rescue Initiative Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre  Bamfield British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Clay","family":"Steell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kelp Rescue Initiative Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre  Bamfield British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Blue Futures Kelp  Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Zielinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hornby Island Diving  Hornby Island British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Zielinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hornby Island Diving  Hornby Island British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Saunders\u2010Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"The Kelp Rescue Initiative Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre  Bamfield British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Csordas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"The Kelp Rescue Initiative Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre  Bamfield British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia K.","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"The Kelp Rescue Initiative Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre  Bamfield British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Neufeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kelp Rescue Initiative Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre  Bamfield British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan  Kelowna British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"LGL Limited Environmental Research Associates  Sidney British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8387","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.5389","article-title":"A review of protocols for the experimental release of kelp (Laminariales) zoospores","volume":"9","author":"Alsuwaiyan N. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecology and Evolution"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13693","article-title":"Plant fitness in a rapidly changing world","volume":"210","author":"Anderson J. T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198570875.001.1","volume-title":"Thermal adaptation: A theoretical and empirical synthesis","author":"Angilletta M. J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00499","article-title":"Extreme marine heatwaves alter kelp forest community near its equatorward distribution limit","volume":"6","author":"Arafeh\u2010Dalmau N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12125","article-title":"Prevailing sea surface temperatures inhibit summer reproduction of the kelp Laminaria digitata at Helgoland (North Sea)","volume":"49","author":"Bartsch I.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Phycology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed\u2010effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.802535","article-title":"Variation in thermal tolerance of the giant kelp's gametophytes: Suitability of habitat, population quality or local adaptation?","volume":"9","author":"Becheler R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.12.025","article-title":"Population genomics reveals strong impacts of genetic drift without purging and guides conservation of bull and giant kelp","volume":"35","author":"Bemmels J. B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229703","article-title":"Long\u2010term changes in kelp forests in an inner basin of the Salish Sea","volume":"16","author":"Berry H. D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Guidelines For Native Seed Production and Grassland Restoration","author":"Bischoff A.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero\u2010inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","author":"Brooks M. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00516","article-title":"Photophysiological responses of canopy\u2010forming kelp species to short\u2010term acute warming","volume":"6","author":"Burdett H. L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2020.08.013","article-title":"The silver lining of extreme events","volume":"35","author":"Coleman M. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.00237","article-title":"Restore or redefine: Future trajectories for restoration","volume":"7","author":"Coleman M. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2013.10.002","article-title":"Climatic variability and trends in the surface waters of coastal British Columbia","volume":"120","author":"Cummins P. F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Progress in Oceanography"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.18352\/ijc.881","article-title":"Recognizing \u201creciprocal relations\u201d to restore community access to land and water","volume":"13","author":"Diver S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of the Commons"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/iob\/obab022","article-title":"Scaling and structural properties of juvenile bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana)","volume":"3","author":"Dobkowski K. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integrative Organismal Biology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2005)003[0479:LOFSCF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Loss of foundation species: Consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems","volume":"3","author":"Ellison A. M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"The quantitative analysis of plant growth","author":"Evans G. C.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1281104","article-title":"Interactive effects of temperature and nitrogen on the physiology of kelps (Nereocystis luetkeana and Saccharina latissima)","volume":"10","author":"Fales R. J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803192-6.00014-1","volume-title":"Cloud computing in ocean and atmospheric sciences","author":"Fatland R.","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1086\/717897","article-title":"Trade\u2010offs (and constraints) in organismal biology","volume":"95","author":"Garland T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/aec.12122","article-title":"Turning up the heat on the provenance debate: Testing the \u201clocal is best\u201d paradigm under heatwave conditions","volume":"39","author":"Hancock N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Austral Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2012.01224.x","article-title":"Effects of climate change on global seaweed communities","volume":"48","author":"Harley C. D. G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Phycology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.2006.00136.x","article-title":"Ecological restoration and global climate change","volume":"14","author":"Harris J. A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Restoration Ecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1086\/597611","article-title":"A quantitative survey of local adaptation and fitness trade\u2010offs","volume":"173","author":"Hereford J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-0068-4","article-title":"Keeping pace with marine heatwaves","volume":"1","author":"Holbrook N. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.8510","article-title":"Toward a conceptual framework for managing and conserving marine habitats: A case study of kelp forests in the Salish Sea","volume":"12","author":"Hollarsmith J. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"Hoos J. P. J.(2015).Climate change impacts on the kelp life history cycle[Doctoral Dissertation University of British Columbia]. UBC Theses and Dissertations Open Collections.http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2429\/52166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change","author":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13695","article-title":"Reciprocal transplant gardens as gold standard to detect local adaptation in grassland species: New opportunities moving into the 21st century","volume":"110","author":"Johnson L. C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12090","article-title":"When local isn't best","volume":"6","author":"Jones T. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evolutionary Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2016.11.004","article-title":"Assessment of circulation and inter\u2010basin transport in the Salish Sea including Johnstone Strait and Discovery Islands pathways","volume":"109","author":"Khangaonkar T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocean Modelling"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.13368","article-title":"Examining the reproductive success of bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana, Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) in climate change conditions","volume":"59","author":"Korabik A. R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Phycology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13785","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606102113","article-title":"Global patterns of kelp forest change over the past half\u2010century","volume":"113","author":"Krumhansl K. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/09670262.2021.2007543","article-title":"Local adaptation of juvenile giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, from their southern limit in the northern hemisphere explored using reciprocal transplantation","volume":"57","author":"Ladah L. B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Phycology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004010","article-title":"A meta\u2010analysis of local adaptation in plants","volume":"3","author":"Leimu R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4490\/algae.2017.32.8.7","article-title":"Effects of abiotic stressors on kelp early life\u2010history stages","volume":"32","author":"Lind A. C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Algae"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.2377","article-title":"Managing for RADical ecosystem change: Applying the resist\u2010accept\u2010direct (RAD) framework","volume":"19","author":"Lynch A. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"issue":"30","key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12337","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017352108","article-title":"Recent ecological responses to climate change support predictions of high extinction risk","volume":"108","author":"MacLean I. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1446380","article-title":"Back to the past: Long\u2010term persistence of bull kelp forests in the strait of Georgia, Salish Sea, Canada","volume":"11","author":"Mora\u2010Soto A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2017.09.005","article-title":"Genetic improvement of heat tolerance in wheat: Recent progress in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Ni Z.","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Crop Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/rec.13992","article-title":"Rethinking local seed sourcing for the restoration of a foundational grass species in California","volume":"31","author":"Nolan M. P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Restoration Ecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400056071","article-title":"Studies on British Laminariaceae. I. Growth in Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour","volume":"27","author":"Parke M.","year":"1948","journal-title":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/w13060829","article-title":"The genetic component of seagrass restoration: What we know and the way forwards","volume":"13","author":"Pazzaglia J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"6332","key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai9214","article-title":"Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well\u2010being","volume":"355","author":"Pecl G. T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/facets-2023-0237","article-title":"Bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) growth rates as climate stress indicators for Canada's Pacific coast","volume":"9","author":"Pontier O.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Facets"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","volume-title":"IPCC special report on the ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate","author":"P\u00f6rtner H. O.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","volume-title":"Ecological studies: Vol. 219: Seaweed biology","author":"Potin P.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2015.00065","article-title":"Climate\u2010adjusted provenancing: A strategy for climate\u2010resilient ecological restoration","volume":"3","author":"Prober S. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","volume-title":"New England seaweed culture handbook: Nursery systems","author":"Redmond S.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12556","article-title":"Facilitating climate\u2010change\u2010induced range shifts across continental land\u2010use barriers","volume":"29","author":"Robillard C. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15050","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51114-y","article-title":"Marine heat wave and multiple stressors tip bull kelp forest to sea urchin barrens","volume":"9","author":"Rogers\u2010Bennett L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144749","article-title":"Multiple climate\u2010driven cascading ecosystem effects after the loss of a foundation species","volume":"770","author":"Sar\u00e0 G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0668-2_7","volume-title":"Biological Oceanography of the Baltic Sea","author":"Schubert H.","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13887","article-title":"What common\u2010garden experiments tell us about climate responses in plants","volume":"110","author":"Schwinning S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-023-03119-4","article-title":"Assessment of local adaptation and outbreeding risks in contrasting thermal environments of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera","volume":"36","author":"Solas M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Phycology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.2673","article-title":"Microclimate predicts kelp forest extinction in the face of direct and indirect marine heatwave effects","volume":"32","author":"Starko S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14548","article-title":"Local and regional variation in kelp loss and stability across coastal British Columbia","volume":"733","author":"Starko S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17469","article-title":"Impacts of marine heatwaves in coastal ecosystems depend on local environmental conditions","volume":"30","author":"Starko S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.13049","article-title":"Elevated temperature affects phenotypic plasticity in the bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana, Phaeophyceae)","volume":"56","author":"Supratya V. P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Phycology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.70223","article-title":"Historical data reveal extirpation of foundation species and kelp forest community deborealization in a coastal hotspot","volume":"36","author":"Timmer B.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00346","article-title":"Successional dynamics and seascape\u2010level patterns of microbial communities on the canopy\u2010forming kelps Nereocystis luetkeana and Macrocystis pyrifera","volume":"10","author":"Weigel B. L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.13366","article-title":"Effects of temperature and nutrients on microscopic stages of the bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana, Phaeophyceae)","volume":"59","author":"Weigel B. L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Phycology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1071\/MF18226","article-title":"Restoring subtidal marine macrophytes in the Anthropocene: Trajectories and future\u2010proofing","volume":"70","author":"Wood G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Marine and Freshwater Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Phycology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpy.70232","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jpy.70232","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpy.70232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:41:10Z","timestamp":1789029670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpy.70232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpy.70232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpy.70232","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3646","1529-8817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3646","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-8817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jpy.70232"}}