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Kgp, a lysine\u2010specific cysteine protease from <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>orphyromonas gingivalis,<\/jats:italic> specifically hydrolyses IgG1 heavy chains. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cleavage of IgG1 occurs in gingival crevicular fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, and whether there is any association with the presence of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>orphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and other periodontopathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>GCF was obtained from nine patients with aggressive periodontitis, nine with chronic periodontitis and five periodontally healthy individuals. The bacterial loads of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>orphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>reponema denticola<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>revotella intermedia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>annerella forsythia<\/jats:italic> were analysed by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction, and the presence and cleavage of IgG1 and IgG2 were determined using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern blotting. Kgp levels were measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cleaved IgG1 was identified in the GCF from 67% of patients with aggressive periodontitis and in 44% of patients with chronic periodontitis. By contrast, no cleaved IgG1 was detectable in healthy controls. No degradation of IgG2 was detected in any of the samples, regardless of health status. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>orphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> was found in high numbers in all samples in which cleavage of IgG1 was detected (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 compared with samples with no IgG cleavage). Furthermore, high numbers of <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>revotella intermedia<\/jats:italic> were also present in these samples. The level of Kgp in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> correlated with the load of <jats:italic>Porphyromonas\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.425, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). The presence of Kgp (range 0.07\u201310.98\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>) was associated with proteolytic fragments of IgG1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). However, cleaved IgG1 was also detected in samples with no detectable Kgp.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with periodontitis, cleavage of IgG1 occurs <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and may suppress antibody\u2010dependent antibacterial activity in subgingival biofilms especially those colonized by <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>orphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T10:26:10Z","timestamp":1351765570000},"page":"458-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Cleavage of IgG1 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with the presence of <i><scp>P<\/scp>orphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Guentsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Dental 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Chemistry and Pharmacology Lund University University Hospital Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sroka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Department of Microbiology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Potempa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Department of Microbiology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland"},{"name":"Oral Health and Systemic Diseases Group University of Louisville Dental School Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Eick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Laboratory of Oral Microbiology University of Bern Bern 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