{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:54:40Z","timestamp":1791640480378,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,30]],"date-time":"2012-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003669","name":"Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry for Health and Welfare","award":["2009-E00454-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009-E00454-00"]}]},{"name":"Ministry for Health and Welfare","award":["2010-E71001-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010-E71001-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontitis is becoming a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Obstructive sleep apnea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>) is a common disorder that is characterized by repeated disruptions in breathing during sleep, and mouth breathing is a common characteristic among patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>. We aimed to assess the hypothesis that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with the onset and progression of periodontal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cross\u2010sectional study of a total of 687 participants (460 men and 227 women), 47\u201377\u00a0years of age, who were examined between August 2009 and September 2010 as part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The participants underwent standard polysomnography, clinical periodontal examination and health\u2010screening examinations. Periodontitis was defined as clinical attachment level (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content>) \u2265\u00a06\u00a0mm and probing pocket depth \u2265\u00a04\u00a0mm. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> was determined using the apnea\u2013hypopnea index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>), and an AHI score of \u2265\u00a05 was the cut\u2010off used to indicate the presence of OSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that 17.5% of the participants had periodontitis, 46.6% had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> and 60.0% who were diagnosed with periodontitis had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>. In our study, old age, male gender, current smoking status, mouth breathing during sleep and high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content> were identified as risk factors for periodontitis. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> was positively associated with periodontitis [odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a01.84, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a01.18\u20132.87], probing pocket depth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.22, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.30\u20133.77) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.86, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.07\u20133.21) in a dose\u2013response manner. Additionally, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> was positively associated with periodontitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.51, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.37\u20134.62) in subjects \u2265\u00a055\u00a0years of age, but not in subjects &lt;\u00a055\u00a0years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a significant association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> and periodontal disease. Further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between the two conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,30]],"date-time":"2012-11-30T13:29:19Z","timestamp":1354282159000},"page":"500-506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["The association between periodontitis and obstructive sleep apnea: a preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"W. H.","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Korea University Ansan Hospital Korea University College of Medicine Ansan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. R.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genomic Study Korea University Ansan Hospital Korea University College of Medicine Ansan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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