{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:31:05Z","timestamp":1784824265132,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,17]],"date-time":"2013-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indiana University of School of Dentistry student research subcommittee"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic periodontitis is initiated by sequential colonization with a broad array of bacteria and is perpetuated by an immune\u2010inflammatory response to the changing biofilm. Host recognition of microbes is largely mediated by toll\u2010like receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLRs<\/jats:styled-content>), which interact with conserved pathogen\u2010associated molecular patterns. Based on ligand recognition, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 interact with most periodontal pathogens. Extracrevicular bacterial reservoirs, such as the oral epithelial cells, contribute to the persistence of periodontitis. Human saliva is a rich source of oral epithelial cells that express functional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>s. In this study we investigated the role of salivary epithelial cell (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEC<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unstimulated whole saliva (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UWS<\/jats:styled-content>) was collected from patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and from healthy individuals after obtaining informed consent. Epithelial cells isolated from each <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UWS<\/jats:styled-content> sample were assessed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104, peptidoglycan recognition protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGRP)<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 by quantitative real\u2010time PCR. In addition, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEC<\/jats:styled-content>s were stimulated <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> with microbial products for up to 24\u00a0h. The culture supernatant was assessed for cytokines by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stimulation with TLR\u20102\u2010 or TLR\u20104\u2010specific ligands induced cytokine secretion with differential kinetics and up\u2010regulated <jats:italic>TLR<\/jats:italic>2 and <jats:italic>TLR4<\/jats:italic> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNAs,<\/jats:styled-content> respectively, in cultures of SECs from patients with periodontitis. In addition, the SECs from patients with periodontitis exhibited reduced <jats:italic>PGRP3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PGRP4<\/jats:italic> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNAs<\/jats:styled-content>, the TLR\u2010responsive genes with antibacterial properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SECs<\/jats:styled-content> derived from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UWS<\/jats:styled-content> of patients with chronic periodontitis are phenotypically distinct and could represent potential resources for assessing the epithelial responses to periodontal pathogens in the course of disease progression and persistence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,17]],"date-time":"2013-05-17T07:38:58Z","timestamp":1368776338000},"page":"757-765","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Role of salivary 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