{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:19:33Z","timestamp":1789690773762,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]],"date-time":"2013-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"Background and Objective<\/jats:title>Atorvastatin (ATV<\/jats:styled-content>) has bone anabolic properties, and alendronate (ALD<\/jats:styled-content>) is an important antiresorptive drug. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the combination of ALD<\/jats:styled-content> and ATV<\/jats:styled-content> on ligature\u2010induced alveolar bone loss in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>Periodontitis was induced by ligature in 78 W<\/jats:styled-content>istar rats. Groups of six rats prophylactically received 0.9% saline (SAL<\/jats:styled-content>), ALD<\/jats:styled-content> (0.01 or 0.25\u00a0mg\/kg subcutaneously) or ATV<\/jats:styled-content> (0.3 or 27\u00a0mg\/kg by gavage). Then, groups of six rats received the combination of ALD<\/jats:styled-content>+ATV<\/jats:styled-content> (0.25\u00a0mg\/kg +\u00a027 mg\/kg, 0.01 mg\/kg\u00a0+\u00a00.3 mg\/kg, 0.25 mg\/kg\u00a0+\u00a00.3 mg\/kg or 0.01 mg\/kg\u00a0+\u00a027\u00a0mg\/kg) prophylactically. An extra group of six rats received therapeutic SAL<\/jats:styled-content> or a lower\u2010dose combination of ALD<\/jats:styled-content>+ATV<\/jats:styled-content> (0.01 mg\/kg\u00a0+\u00a00.3\u00a0mg\/kg, respectively) therapeutically. Three extra groups of six rats each received SAL<\/jats:styled-content> or a lower\u2010dose combination<\/jats:styled-content> of ALD<\/jats:styled-content>+ATV<\/jats:styled-content> (0.01 mg\/kg\u00a0+\u00a00.3\u00a0mg\/kg, respectively) prophylactically or therapeutically for histometric and immunohistochemical analyses. The rats were killed on day 11 after ligature placement, and the maxillae were removed and processed for macroscopic, histomorphometric and TRAP<\/jats:styled-content> immunohistochemical analyses. Gingival samples were collected to evaluate myeloperoxidase (MPO<\/jats:styled-content>) activity. Blood samples were collected to measure serum bone\u2010specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP<\/jats:styled-content>) and transaminase levels and for hematological studies. Rats were weighed daily.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>All combined therapies prevented alveolar bone loss when compared with SAL<\/jats:styled-content> or low doses of monotherapy (ALD<\/jats:styled-content> or ATV<\/jats:styled-content>) (p\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). The lower\u2010dose combination<\/jats:styled-content> of ALD+ATV (0.01 mg\/kg\u00a0+\u00a00.3\u00a0mg\/kg, respectively), administered either prophylactically (39.0%) or therapeutically (53.5%), prevented alveolar bone loss. Decreases in bone and cementum resorption, in leukocyte infiltration and in immunostaining for TRAP<\/jats:styled-content> and MPO<\/jats:styled-content> activity corroborated the morphometric findings. The lower\u2010dose combination<\/jats:styled-content> of ALD+ATV (0.01 mg\/kg\u00a0+\u00a00.3\u00a0mg\/kg, respectively) prevented BALP<\/jats:styled-content> reduction (p\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) and did not alter the level of serum transaminases. Moreover, the lower\u2010dose combination<\/jats:styled-content> of ALD+ATV (0.01 mg\/kg\u00a0+\u00a00.3\u00a0mg\/kg, respectively) also reduced neutrophilia and lymphomonocytosis and did not cause weight loss when compared with administration of SAL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The lower\u2010dose combination<\/jats:styled-content> of ALD<\/jats:styled-content>+ATV<\/jats:styled-content> (0.01 mg\/kg\u00a0+\u00a00.3\u00a0mg\/kg, respectively) demonstrated a protective effect on alveolar bone loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]],"date-time":"2013-06-07T09:56:07Z","timestamp":1370598967000},"page":"45-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Low\u2010dose combination of alendronate and atorvastatin reduces ligature\u2010induced alveolar bone loss in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Goes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Dentistry Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. M.","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Dentistry Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. M. C. M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. M. B.","family":"Benevides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. M. N.","family":"Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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