{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:29:40Z","timestamp":1791217780385,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology"},{"name":"Graduate Research Program"},{"name":"Theta Biomedical Consulting and Development Co., Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate the hypothesis that levels of interferon (\n IFN)<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3 and interleukin (\n IL)<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104, as well as the newer cytokines\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201033 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (\n TSLP)<\/jats:styled-content>\n , in gingival crevicular fluid (\n GCF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) samples differ from sites of patients at various clinical stages of periodontal disease and controls.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Periodontal diseases result from the complex interplay between pathogenic bacteria and the host's immune responses. Several inflammatory mediators, such as\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3 and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104, have been detected in\n GCF<\/jats:styled-content>\n samples in patients with periodontitis, but the results are mostly contradicting due to the lack of uniformity and collection of sites and methods of analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n GCF<\/jats:styled-content>\n samples were collected from sites with different clinical characteristics (healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites) from periodontally healthy (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a014), plaque\u2010induced gingivitis (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a017) and chronic periodontitis (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a011) subjects. The\n GCF<\/jats:styled-content>\n samples were analyzed for the frequency of detection and levels of\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3,\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104,\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201033 and\n TSLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n using a multiplex bead immunoassay.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Inflamed sites in both patients with plaque\u2010induced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis showed statistically significantly higher volume of\n GCF<\/jats:styled-content>\n compared to non\u2010inflamed sites in all patients.\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3 could be detected in about 50\u201370% of the samples analyzed and at significantly higher levels in sites with periodontitis compared to healthy sites in patients with chronic periodontitis (\n p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.035). We also show a statistically significant decrease of IFN\u2010? in healthy sites of patients with chronic periodontitis as compared to gingivitis sites in patients with plaque\u2010induced gingivitis (p\u00a0=\u00a00.047). Only some of the\n GCF<\/jats:styled-content>\n samples showed detectable levels for\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 and\n TSLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , while\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201033 was below the detection level in all samples collected.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n These results suggest that\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3 levels in\n GCF<\/jats:styled-content>\n depend on the clinical stage of the site and not on the disease stage of the patient, but need to be expanded to a greater number of subjects and additional analysis of corresponding gingival tissue biopsies for cytokine gene expression.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T05:22:44Z","timestamp":1364793764000},"page":"55-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Gingival crevicular fluid levels of interferon\u2010\u03b3, but not interleukin\u20104 or \u201033 or thymic stromal lymphopoietin, are increased in inflamed sites in patients with periodontal disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Papathanasiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology The Forsyth Institute Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Arguello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Finkelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Administration Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. C.","family":"Theoharides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00785.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6713.2004.003557.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700908"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000803107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000082112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni805"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-157818"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1999.tb02226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2009.01204.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.090643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.42.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510376402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0603252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2007.01079.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01682.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.110239"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjre.12078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjre.12078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jre.12078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T16:11:37Z","timestamp":1696263097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jre.12078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jre.12078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jre.12078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3484","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}}}