{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:46:50Z","timestamp":1760888810362},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"Background and Objective<\/jats:title>Occlusal trauma (OT<\/jats:styled-content>) and smoking are both factors that alter alveolar bone metabolism and therefore could synergistically act on alveolar bone loss. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the influence of short\u2010term cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI<\/jats:styled-content>) on inter\u2010radicular alveolar bone loss promoted by primary OT<\/jats:styled-content> in a rat model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>Forty\u2010eight animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups based on treatment type: OT\u00a0<\/jats:styled-content>+\u00a0CSI<\/jats:styled-content> (n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>16), animals were exposed to CSI<\/jats:styled-content> three times per day, for 8\u00a0min per exposure, and they concomitantly received unilateral vertical augmentation creating an occlusal interference inducing experimental OT<\/jats:styled-content>; OT<\/jats:styled-content> (n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>16), animals received only unilateral vertical augmentation; negative control (NC<\/jats:styled-content>; n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>16), animals maintained for equal periods to achieve periodontal baseline values of periodontal ligament dimension. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>8) based on treatment length: 7 or 14\u00a0d.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>After 7\u00a0d, the OT\u00a0<\/jats:styled-content>+\u00a0CSI<\/jats:styled-content> group exhibited significantly higher bone loss compared to the NC<\/jats:styled-content> group (p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0022). After 14\u00a0d, the OT<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001) and OT\u00a0<\/jats:styled-content>+\u00a0CSI<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001) groups presented significantly higher bone loss compared to the NC<\/jats:styled-content> group, and OT\u00a0<\/jats:styled-content>+\u00a0CSI<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in significantly higher bone loss than OT<\/jats:styled-content> alone (p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0241). The number of tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive cells on the linear surface of the bone crest after 7\u00a0d was significantly higher in the OT\u00a0<\/jats:styled-content>+\u00a0CSI<\/jats:styled-content> group as compared to the NC<\/jats:styled-content> and OT<\/jats:styled-content> groups (p\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001 and p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0045, respectively) and remained significantly higher in the OT\u00a0<\/jats:styled-content>+\u00a0CSI<\/jats:styled-content> group after 14\u00a0d, compared to the OT<\/jats:styled-content> group (p\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Short\u2010term CSI<\/jats:styled-content> increases early bone loss in association with OT<\/jats:styled-content> after 7\u00a0d, and this worsens in severity after 14\u00a0d of exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T12:19:11Z","timestamp":1368706751000},"page":"179-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cigarette smoke inhalation increases the alveolar bone loss caused by primary occlusal trauma in a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"M. L. G.","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Division of Periodontics Piracicaba Dental School State University of Campinas \u2010 UNICAMP Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Division of Periodontics Piracicaba Dental School State University of Campinas \u2010 UNICAMP Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. H. N.","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Division of Periodontics Piracicaba Dental School State University of Campinas \u2010 UNICAMP Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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