{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T03:18:41Z","timestamp":1771298321127,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The University of Yuzuncu Yil University","award":["2010-DF-B010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010-DF-B010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cathelicidin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201037) and human \u03b2\u2010defensin\u20102 (h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102) are antimicrobial peptides that have additional functions in innate immunity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201037 and h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 levels in the following patient groups: non\u2010smoker patients with gingivitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>), smoker patients with gingivitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SG<\/jats:styled-content>), non\u2010smoker patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and smoker patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 80 patients, including 20 G, 20 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SG<\/jats:styled-content>, 20 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content> and 20 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content> were enrolled in the study. Clinical periodontal parameters, including periodontal status were assessed by measuring bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays were done to quantify <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201037 and h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 levels in gingival crevicular fluid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical periodontal parameters were found to have no statistically significant differences between the SAgP and AgP groups or between the SG and G groups. LL\u201037 and h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 levels were significantly lower in G patients than in other groups. LL\u201037 and h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of SAgP patients were significantly higher than in other groups. LL\u201037 and h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 levels in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SG<\/jats:styled-content> patients were also significantly higher than in G patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epithelial cells in contact with microorganisms release LL\u201037 and h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 to eliminate them. The release response of LL\u201037 and h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 formed against microorganisms can change depending on factors such as smoking, which activates the nicotinic receptors present on epithelial surfaces. This interaction can increase the release of LL\u201037 and h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102. Smoking may also affect the capillary tissues and reduce leukocytic chemotaxis. The increased number of colonized microorganisms may lead to higher levels of LL\u201037 and h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 release in the tissues of smokers than in non\u2010smokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T08:23:08Z","timestamp":1369988588000},"page":"282-289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Gingival crevicular fluid levels of human beta\u2010defensin\u20102 and cathelicidin in smoker and non\u2010smoker patients: a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"A. 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