{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:33:12Z","timestamp":1764603192812},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIDCR","award":["DE015815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE015815"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontal ligament (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>) fibroblasts establish principal fibers of the ligament during tooth eruption, and maintain these fibers during occlusion. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> development and occlusal adaptation includes changes in the orientation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> fibroblasts; however, the mechanism for these changes in orientation is unclear. The objective of this study was to compare PDL fibroblast orientation in different stages corresponding with first molar eruption and occlusion in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>44 wild\u2010type (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>) and knockout (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KO<\/jats:styled-content>) mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>44 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice were raised to six postnatal stages corresponding with first molar (M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) eruption (postnatal day 8, 11, 14 and 18) and occlusion (postnatal day 26 and 41). Coronal sections of the first mandibular molar (M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) were prepared and the orientation of fibroblasts in the cervical root region was measured. Angle measurements were compared across developmental stages and between strains using Watson\u2013Williams <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2010test (<jats:sc>oriana<\/jats:sc> software) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANCOVA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PDL fibroblast orientation increased significantly in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>44 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> (9\u201387\u00b0) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice (14\u201393\u00b0; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) between intraosseous eruption (day 11), mucosal penetration (day 14) and preocclusal eruption (day 18); however, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> fibroblast orientation did not change significantly with the onset of occlusion (day 26) or continued function (day 41). Within each strain, the variance in fibroblast orientation during preocclusal eruption (day 18) was significantly higher than the variance of all other time points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0005). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>44 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice showed a similar pattern of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> development and eruption with a significant difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>44 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> vs. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KO<\/jats:styled-content> fibroblast orientations only during early function (day 26, 92\u00b0 vs 116\u00b0; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> fibroblast orientation is highly similar between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>44 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice. Between early (day 11) and late (day 18) eruptive stages <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> fibroblast orientation increases, corresponding with the upward movement of M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> fibroblast orientation established in preocclusal eruption (day 18) is maintained during early (day 26) and late (day 41) stages of occlusal function, suggesting that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> cells adapt to mechanical loads in the oral cavity before M1 occlusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T08:48:30Z","timestamp":1372668510000},"page":"355-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Eruptive and functional changes in periodontal ligament fibroblast orientation in <scp>CD<\/scp>44 wild\u2010type vs. knockout mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Popowics","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Hinderberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"The Periodontal Ligament in Health and Disease","author":"Moxham BJ","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199606)245:2<374::AID-AR18>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290050062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"The development of the periodontal ligament with special reference to collagen fibre ontogeny","volume":"18","author":"Berkovitz BKB","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biol Buccale"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"215","volume-title":"The Periodontal Ligament in Health and Disease","author":"Moxham BJ","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2000.2240104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2009.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1423.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2840267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411910020030301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2007.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.021683"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"2629","article-title":"Effects of cyclic strain on rat tail tenocytes","volume":"6","author":"Crocket RJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.6.2217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(83)90173-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2009.01438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1954.25.1.22","article-title":"Tooth mobility: the measuring method. 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