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This article reviews the underlying mechanisms and host\u2013bacteria interactions responsible for periodontal disease and evidence that nutritional supplementation with fish oil may provide a protective effect. Historical investigations of diet and disease have highlighted an inverse relationship between ingestion of fish oil, which is high in n\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the incidence of typical inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and coronary heart disease. Ingestion of n\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, results in their incorporation into membrane phospholipids, which can alter eicosanoid production after stimulation during the immune response. These eicosanoids promote a reduction in chronic inflammation, which has led to the proposal that fish oil is a possible modulator of inflammation and may reduce the severity of periodontal diseases. Tentative animal and human studies have provided an indication of this effect. Further human investigation is needed to establish the protective effects of fish oil in relation to periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T14:48:04Z","timestamp":1374763684000},"page":"277-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Periodontal disease: modulation of the inflammatory cascade by dietary n\u20103 <scp>polyunsaturated fatty acids<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"D. 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