{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T01:22:56Z","timestamp":1789953776922,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Periodontitis is the most common inflammatory disease caused by oral biofilm infection. For efficient periodontal treatment, it is important to enhance the outcome of existing regenerative therapies. The physical action of an ultrasound may be able to deliver a therapeutic gene or drugs into the local area of the periodontium being treated for periodontal regeneration. Previously, we developed \u201cBubble liposomes\u201d as a useful carrier for gene or drug delivery, and reported that delivery efficiency was increased with high\u2010frequency ultrasound\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Hence, the aim of the present study was to examine the possibility of delivering genes into gingival tissues using Bubble liposomes and ultrasound.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We attempted to deliver naked plasmid\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      encoding luciferase or enhanced green fluorescent protein (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EGFP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) into the lower labial gingiva of Wistar rats using Bubble liposomes, with or without ultrasound exposure. Ultrasound parameters were optimized for intensity (0\u20104.0\u00a0W\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and exposure time (0\u2013120\u00a0s) to establish the most efficient conditions for exposure. The efficacy and duration of gene expression in the gingiva were investigated using a luciferase assay and fluorescence microscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The strongest relative luciferase activity was observed when rats were treated under the following ultrasound conditions: 2.0\u00a0W\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      intensity and 30\u00a0s of exposure time. Relative luciferase activity, 1\u00a0d after gene delivery, was significantly higher in gingiva treated using Bubble liposomes and ultrasound than in gingiva of the other treatment groups. Histological analysis also showed that distinct\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EGFP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010expressing cells were observed in transfected gingiva when rats were treated under optimized conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From these results, the combination of Bubble liposomes and ultrasound provides an efficient technique for delivering plasmid\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      into the gingiva. This technique can be applied for the delivery of a variety of therapeutic molecules into target tissue, and may serve as a useful treatment strategy for periodontitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T10:48:13Z","timestamp":1374749293000},"page":"398-404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Gene delivery to periodontal tissue using Bubble liposomes and ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Sugano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Showa University School of Dentistry Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo 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Kyushu Dental University Kokurakita\u2010ku Kitakyushu City Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery Faculty of Pharma\u2010Sciences Teikyo University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery Faculty of Pharma\u2010Sciences Teikyo University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Aramaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Showa University School 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