{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T07:52:46Z","timestamp":1740124366883,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,9]],"date-time":"2013-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibiotics at below minimal inhibitory concentrations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>s) may induce various biological responses in bacteria. In this study, we hypothesized that subinhibitory concentrations (sub<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content>s) of tetracycline and doxycycline induce the shedding of lipopolysaccharide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>) by <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and, as a consequence, may contribute to enhancing the host inflammatory response associated with periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A polymyxin\u2010based enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> shedding by <jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic> grown in the presence of sub<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content>s of tetracycline and doxycycline. A macrophage model was used to show that tetracycline\u2010 and doxycycline\u2010mediated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> shedding by <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>gingivalis<\/jats:italic> can induce cytokine secretion. The secretion of interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 was quantified by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LPS was shed spontaneously in a time\u2010dependent way by <jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic> during growth. LPS shedding was significantly increased by growth in the presence of subICs of tetracycline and doxycycline corresponding to 1\/20 of their MICs (0.025\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL for tetracycline and 0.0125\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL for doxycycline). This shedding was not associated with an increased rate of bacterial cell lysis. Stimulating macrophages with a <jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic> culture supernatant induced the secretion of IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20108 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 when the bacteria were grown in the presence of 1\/20 MIC of the antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study showed that growing <jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic> in the presence of sub<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content>s of either tetracycline or doxycycline induces <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> shedding. Shed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> may in turn increase cytokine secretion in a macrophage model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,9]],"date-time":"2013-11-09T08:20:40Z","timestamp":1383985240000},"page":"603-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Subinhibitory concentrations of tetracyclines induce <scp>lipopolysaccharide<\/scp> shedding by <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i> and modulate the host inflammatory response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche en \u00c9cologie Buccale Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Dentaire Universit\u00e9 Laval Quebec City QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Science and Social Welfare 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