{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:35:42Z","timestamp":1783528542444,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]],"date-time":"2013-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009\/08285-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009\/08285-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stress has been identified as an important risk factor in the development of many infectious diseases, including periodontitis. <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">g<\/jats:styled-content>ram\u2010negative oral anaerobic bacterium, is considered an important pathogen in chronic periodontitis. Microorganisms, including <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, that participate in infectious diseases have been shown to respond to catecholamines released during stress processes by modifying their growth and virulence. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the growth, antimicrobial susceptibility and gene expression in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> was incubated in the presence of adrenaline and noradrenaline (100\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) for different time\u2010periods in rich (Tryptic soy broth supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract, 5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL of hemin and 1\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL of menadione) and poor (serum\u2010SAPI minimal medium and serum\u2010SAPI minimal medium supplemented with 5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL of hemin and 1\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL of menadione) media, and growth was evaluated based on absorbance at 660\u00a0nm. Bacterial susceptibility to metronidazole was examined after exposure to adrenaline and noradrenaline. The expression of genes involved in iron acquisition, stress oxidative protection and virulence were also evaluated using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>quantitative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Catecholamines did not interfere with the growth of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, regardless of nutritional or hemin conditions. In addition, bacterial susceptibility to metronidazole was not modified by exposure to adrenaline or noradrenaline. However, the expression of genes related to iron acquisition (<jats:italic>hmu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>), oxidative stress (<jats:italic>tpx, oxy<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>, dps, sod<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>aph<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) and pathogenesis (<jats:italic>hem, hag<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>rag<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) were stimulated upon exposure to adrenaline and\/or noradrenaline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adrenaline and noradrenaline can induce changes in gene expression related to oxidative stress and virulence factors in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>. The present study is, in part, a step toward understanding the stress\u2013pathogen interactions that may occur in periodontal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]],"date-time":"2013-11-20T09:53:46Z","timestamp":1384941226000},"page":"660-669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Catecholamines promote the expression of virulence and oxidative stress genes in <i><scp>P<\/scp>orphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"T. S.","family":"Graziano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Area of Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutics Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas Piracicaba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Closs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Dentistry School University of Taubat\u00e9 Taubat\u00e9 SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Poppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Dentistry School University of Taubat\u00e9 Taubat\u00e9 SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. C.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology Department of General Biology State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta Grossa PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Cortelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Dentistry School University of Taubat\u00e9 Taubat\u00e9 SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. C.","family":"Groppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Area of Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutics Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas Piracicaba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Cogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Implantology Area University of Santo Amaro S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1965.36.3.177"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Infection and inflammatory mechanisms","volume":"40","author":"Dyke TE","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin 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