{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:47:29Z","timestamp":1792061249689,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,28]],"date-time":"2013-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altered immune response may be a major contributor to periodontal disease in Down syndrome. This study investigated the relationship between peripheral lymphocytes and matrix metalloproteinases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>s) in serum in Down syndrome children with gingivitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with Down syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) and healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) were clinically and radiographically examined during dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Peripheral blood and gingival crevicular fluid were collected from each subject and concentrations were determined: serum<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, \u20103, \u20108 and \u20109; serum tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>) \u20101, \u20102 and \u20103; and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">gingival crevicular fluid<\/jats:styled-content>. Leukocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and the relative amounts (%) of the various cell phenotypes were analysed using flow cytometry. In addition, peripheral blood cells were treated with<jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>lipopolysaccharide and levels of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>s and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>s measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concentrations of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 in serum were significantly higher (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) in the Down syndrome group compared to the controls. When peripheral blood leukocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>lipopolysaccharide,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 levels were significantly (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) higher in the Down syndrome group compared to controls. Children with Down syndrome exhibited significant positive correlations between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.630;<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.050), between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.648;<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.043), and between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>cells and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.828;<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.003) compared to controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The positive relationship of serum<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103, \u20108 and \u20109 with immune cells in children with Down syndrome may facilitate migration of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>cells into the periodontal tissue, which may contribute to the increased degradation of periodontal tissue in individuals with Down syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,28]],"date-time":"2013-12-28T08:00:55Z","timestamp":1388217655000},"page":"742-750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The relationship between matrix metalloproteinases (MMP\u20103, \u20108, \u20109) in serum and peripheral lymphocytes (<scp>CD<\/scp>8<sup>+<\/sup>,<scp>CD<\/scp>56<sup>+<\/sup>) in Down syndrome children with gingivitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Tsilingaridis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry Eastmaninstitutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Yucel\u2010Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontology Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Concha Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Medicine Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Mod\u00e9er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"[Mongolism; a chromosomal disease (trisomy)]","volume":"143","author":"Lejeune J","year":"1959","journal-title":"Bull Acad Natl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Periodontal disease in children with Down's syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Modeer T","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00737.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1992.tb00033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000070112.80711.3D"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00063"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608501202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2009.01214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350310002270"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12038"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.8.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Phagocytic function in Down syndrome \u2013 I. Chemotaxis","volume":"4","author":"Barkin RM","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Ment Defic Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Phagocytic function in Down syndrome \u2013 II. Bactericidal activity and phagocytosis","volume":"4","author":"Barkin RM","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Ment Defic Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"The immune system and susceptibility to infections in Down's syndrome","volume":"246","author":"Levin S","year":"1987","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.7.2506","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha and IFN\u2010gamma expression in human thymus. Localization and overexpression in Down syndrome (trisomy 21)","volume":"149","author":"Murphy M","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Decreased level of T cell receptor expression by Down syndrome (trisomy 21) thymocytes","volume":"7","author":"Murphy M","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-010-0495-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"[The immunological profile of children with Down's syndrome]","volume":"41","author":"Colombo ML","year":"1989","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Cell\u2010mediated immunodeficiency in Down's syndrome: normal IL\u20102 production but inverted ratio of T cell subsets","volume":"55","author":"Karttunen R","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320370743"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320370742"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00476-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-078154"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-009-8098-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00324.x","article-title":"Immunological features of Down's syndrome: a review","volume":"6","author":"Nespoli L","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.2010.00914.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.5.2327","article-title":"Cytokine and chemokine regulation of proMMP\u20109 and TIMP\u20101 production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes","volume":"158","author":"Johnatty RN","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.14.7589989"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041570326"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.1.160","article-title":"Stimulus specificity of matrix metalloproteinase dependence of human T cell migration through a model basement membrane","volume":"156","author":"Xia M","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(93)90037-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi960036x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359709115400"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1993.tb00328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.9.894"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01659.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1986.57.5.288"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350600963640"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0722.2002.21247.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2011.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.12.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2010.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600509"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01323.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.10.1398"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"The role of HIV\u20101 activated leukocyte adhesion mechanisms and matrix metalloproteinase secretion in AIDS pathogenesis (Review)","volume":"1","author":"Weeks BS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. A summary of current work","volume":"34","author":"Page RC","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.7.1079"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(98)80227-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890600800103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1996.tb08297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1989.tb02000.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjre.12157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjre.12157","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jre.12157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T05:55:09Z","timestamp":1716357309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jre.12157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,28]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jre.12157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jre.12157","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3484","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,28]]}}}