{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T05:56:51Z","timestamp":1720850211014},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Hong Kong Small Project Funding","award":["200807176129","201007176307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200807176129","201007176307"]}]},{"name":"Seed Funding","award":["200911159126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200911159126"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lipopolysaccharide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010mediated signaling in host cells involves Toll\u2010like receptor 4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4) accessory molecules, including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010binding protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content>), cluster of differentiation 14 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>14) and lymphocyte antigen 96 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102). However, expression of these innate defense molecules in various compartments of the human periodontium is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 in human gingiva.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human gingival biopsies were collected from healthy gingival or chronic periodontitis tissue. Primary gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts were cultured. Immunohistochemical analysis for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 was performed. Transcripts of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>14 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content>, and their protein products, were examined using RT\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. The interactions between these molecules in keratinocytes and fibroblasts were investigated by co\u2010immunoprecipitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TLR4 immunoreactivity was found in healthy gingival epithelium and periodontitis tissue, and appeared to be lower in junctional epithelium (\u00a0<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2264<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01). Fibroblasts and inflammatory cells stained more strongly for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 in diseased periodontal tissues (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). Three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 splicing variants, two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 splicing variants and one <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>14 <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> were expressed by gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>14 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 proteins was detected in keratinocytes and fibroblasts <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 protein from gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts could be co\u2010immunoprecipitated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>14 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, suggesting an association between the related molecules <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>LBP<\/jats:italic> transcript was detected in gingival biopsies, but not in primary cultures of gingival keratinocytes or fibroblasts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>14 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, but not <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content>, are expressed in human gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression level in the junctional epithelium appeared to be lowest within the periodontal epithelial barrier.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T14:14:40Z","timestamp":1394633680000},"page":"845-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Differential expression of Toll\u2010like receptor 4 in healthy and diseased human gingiva"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"J.\u2010P.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. H. C.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.\u2010L.","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. W.","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. K.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2007.00335.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500609"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300100063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00500.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2009.01630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11.1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2008.00448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302X.2003.180109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.11.1777"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.110458"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"GenBank.Homo sapiens toll\u2010like receptor 4 (TLR4) transcript variant 2 mRNA.http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nuccore\/NM_138556.1?report=genbank accessed December 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.12.6682"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109910200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009164200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205966200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.03.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00732.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjre.12173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjre.12173","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jre.12173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T13:18:03Z","timestamp":1696252683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jre.12173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jre.12173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jre.12173","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3484","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]}}}