{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T23:27:08Z","timestamp":1781566028642,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2011FZ0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011FZ0044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["30872872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30872872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human beta\u2010defensins (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hBD<\/jats:styled-content>s) are a group of antimicrobial peptides important in epithelial innate immunity, and their differential expression is associated with periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to explore relationships among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hBD<\/jats:styled-content>s, total subgingival bacteria and periodontopathogens in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The periodontal clinical parameters of 29 healthy subjects and 25 patients with chronic periodontitis were recorded. The relative expression of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hBD<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> hBD2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>hBD3<\/jats:italic> genes in gingival biopsies was measured using real\u2010time PCR. The numbers of total bacteria and of <jats:italic>Treponema denticola<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic> in subgingival plaque were quantified by real\u2010time PCR. Data were analyzed using the Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test and Spearman's rank correlation test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant differences in expression of the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hBD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> genes were found between the group of healthy subjects and the group of patients with chronic periodontitis. Total bacteria and <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic> were detected in all participants. <jats:italic>F.\u00a0nucleatum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T.\u00a0forsythia<\/jats:italic> were detected in all patients with chronic periodontitis and in 86.21% and 51.72%, respectively, of healthy volunteers. <jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis and A.\u00a0actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> were detected in 24.14% and 17.24%, respectively, of the healthy group and in 84.00% and 12.00%, respectively, of the chronic periodontitis group. The prevalence of all bacteria, except <jats:italic>A.\u00a0actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>, was significantly higher in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis than in the group of healthy subjects (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). A significant, negative correlation was observed between total bacteria and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.384, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.011). Upon analyzing the data in different groups, total bacteria and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 were significantly correlated (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.492, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.026) only in the group of healthy subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The negative correlations between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and total bacteria, especially in the group of healthy subjects, indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hBD<\/jats:styled-content>s may play an important role by limiting an increase of bacterial load at the initial stage of periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T10:09:42Z","timestamp":1399889382000},"page":"113-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Relationship between expression of human gingival beta\u2010defensins and levels of periodontopathogens in subgingival plaque"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Applied Oral Sciences Center for Periodontology The Forsyth Institute Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology Program School of Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 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