{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T10:01:38Z","timestamp":1773396098544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]],"date-time":"2014-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["DE016353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE016353"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both gingival tissue destruction and regeneration are associated with chronic periodontitis, although the former overwhelms the latter. Studies have shown that transforming growth factor beta 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b21), a growth factor largely involved in tissue regeneration and remodeling, is upregulated in chronic periodontitis. However, the gingival expression of connective tissue growth factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTGF<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCN<\/jats:styled-content>2), a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b21\u2010upregulated gene, in patients with periodontitis remains undetermined. Although both CTGF\/CCN2 and TGF\u2010b1 increase the production of extracellular matrix, they have many different biological functions. Therefore, it is important to delineate the impact of periodontitis on gingival <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTGF<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCN<\/jats:styled-content>2 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontal tissue specimens were collected from seven individuals without periodontitis (group 1) and from 14 with periodontitis (group 2). The expression of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTGF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b21<\/jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNAs<\/jats:styled-content> were quantified using real\u2010time PCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis using the nonparametric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ann\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>hitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test showed that the levels of expression of both <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTGF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCN<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b21<\/jats:italic> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNAs<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly increased in individuals with periodontitis compared with individuals without periodontitis. Furthermore, analysis using a nonparametric correlation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>pearman <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>) test showed a positive correlation between <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b21<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTGF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCN<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNAs<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gingival expression levels of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTGF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCN<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TGF\u03b21<\/jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNAs<\/jats:styled-content> in individuals with periodontitis are upregulated and correlated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]],"date-time":"2014-07-09T12:45:09Z","timestamp":1404909909000},"page":"315-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Increased and correlated expression of connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor beta 1 in surgically removed periodontal tissues with chronic periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"T. W.","family":"Mize","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. P.","family":"Sundararaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics Department of Medicine College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"},{"name":"Center for Oral Health Research James B. 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