{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:31:50Z","timestamp":1789810310789,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018778","name":"Al-Azhar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was, first, to investigate the effect of omega 3 (\u03c93) fatty acids plus low\u2010dose aspirin with closed debridement in the treatment of patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and second, to estimate the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20103 (MCP\u20103) in response to the supposed modulatory therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 DM were equally divided into groups 1 (patients received \u03c93 plus low\u2010dose aspirin for 6\u00a0mo) and 2 (patients received placebo during the same period). Evaluation was done clinically (pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index and plaque index) and biochemically by estimating levels of interleukin 1\u03b2 and MCP\u20103 in gingival crevicular fluid, plus investigating the effect of treatment on glycemic control by levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c in serum. All data were collected at baseline, 3 and 6\u00a0mo after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects of group 1 showed a highly significant reduction in pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01) after 3 and 6\u00a0mo compared to group 2. Glycated hemoglobin A1c levels showed a reduction in both groups at the end of the study period, with a non\u2010significant difference (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Furthermore, the treatment protocol showed a significant reduction in levels of MCP\u20103 and interleukin 1\u03b2 at 3 and 6\u00a0mo compared to the placebo group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the limits of the present study, \u03c93 plus low\u2010dose aspirin proved effective as an adjunct to closed periodontal therapy in the management of patients with periodontitis and type 2 DM. Moreover, MCP\u20103 was proven to be effective both in the pathogenesis of the disease and as a biomarker in evaluating the response to periodontal treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T10:57:43Z","timestamp":1421837863000},"page":"721-729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effect of omega 3 fatty acids plus low\u2010dose aspirin on both clinical and biochemical profiles of patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes: a randomized double blind placebo\u2010controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"N. M.","family":"Elwakeel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry Al\u2010Azhar University (Girls Branch) Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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