{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T17:57:36Z","timestamp":1765994256522},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]],"date-time":"2015-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["06\/01492\u20100","06\/0898\u20109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06\/01492\u20100","06\/0898\u20109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The evidence of effectiveness of metronidazole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tz) as an adjunct therapy to periodontal procedure in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis is not conclusive. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tz (delivered locally as a gel or systemically as a tablet) as an adjunctive therapy with full mouth periodontal debridement (1\u00a0h of ultrasonic calculus\/plaque removal) in smokers with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study involved 30 smokers with at least six teeth with a clinical attachment loss of \u2265\u00a05\u00a0mm and probing pocket depth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>) of \u2265\u00a05\u00a0mm. They were randomly assigned into one of three groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010): (i) 3\u00a0g daily of placebo gel applied topically (using a dental tray with the gel overnight) + periodontal debridement; (ii) 3\u00a0g daily of a 15% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tz benzoate gel applied topically (using a dental tray with the gel overnight) + periodontal debridement; and (iii) a daily single dose of 750\u00a0mg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tz (Flagyl<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) + periodontal debridement. Clinical parameters (visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBI]<\/jats:styled-content>, relative attachment level and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>) and quantitative analysis (by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction) of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>orphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>annerella forsythia<\/jats:italic> were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6\u00a0mo after periodontal debridement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no statistically significant difference in the average <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBI<\/jats:styled-content> and visible plaque index values at baseline between the groups (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2265<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in all parameters evaluated (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2265<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). Significant reductions in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBI<\/jats:styled-content> at 3 and 6\u00a0mo were observed in all groups (<jats:italic>p\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). Significant reductions in both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> and relative attachment level at 1, 3 and 6\u00a0mo were observed in all groups (<jats:italic>p\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). Significant reductions in bacterial levels at 7 and 30\u00a0d were observed in all groups (<jats:italic>p\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adjunctive use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tz (gel or tablet) to periodontal debridement had similar clinical and microbiological improvement compared to treatment with placebo + periodontal debridement in smokers with chronic periodontitis up to 6\u00a0mo post\u2010treatment. Further studies are necessary to confirm the clinical relevance of these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]],"date-time":"2015-04-21T12:12:49Z","timestamp":1429618369000},"page":"50-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Full mouth periodontal debridement with or without adjunctive metronidazole gel in smoking patients with chronic periodontitis: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"C. C.","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Sorocaba Sorocaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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L.","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutics S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic Dental School Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Salum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology Dental School of Piracicaba State University of Campinas Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"J\u00fanior","given":"F. H.","family":"Nociti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology Dental School of Piracicaba State University of Campinas Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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