{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T13:23:45Z","timestamp":1788009825184,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,22]],"date-time":"2015-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Contr\u00f4le Microbiologique"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing evidence suggests that 1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>(1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), a fat\u2010soluble secosteroid hormone, has a positive impact on periodontal health through diverse mechanisms. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>on the growth of and virulence factor gene expression by the periodontopathogenic bacterium<jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>. The effect of 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>on<jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\u2010mediated activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB) transcription factor in monocytes was also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A broth microdilution assay was used to determine the antibacterial activity of 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. The modulation of virulence factor gene expression in<jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction. NF\u2010\u03baB activation was assessed using a human monocytic cell line stably transfected with a luciferase reporter containing NF\u2010\u03baB binding sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>against<jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>ranged from 3.125 to 6.25\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL. Moreover, a partial synergistic effect was observed when 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>was used in association with metronidazole. 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>attenuated the virulence of<jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>by reducing the expression of genes coding for important virulence factors, including adhesins (<jats:italic>fimA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>hagA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>hagB<\/jats:italic>) and proteinases (<jats:italic>rgpA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>rgpB<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>kgp<\/jats:italic>). 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>dose\u2010dependently prevented<jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced NF\u2010\u03baB activation in a monocyte model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggested that 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>selectively inhibits the growth of and virulence factor gene expression by<jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, in addition to attenuating NF\u2010\u03baB activation by this periodontopathogen. This dual action on<jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>and the inflammatory response of host cells may be of particular interest with a view to developing a novel and inexpensive preventive\/therapeutic strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,22]],"date-time":"2015-08-22T09:48:56Z","timestamp":1440236936000},"page":"359-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Vitamin D inhibits the growth of and virulence factor gene expression by<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>and blocks activation of the nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor in monocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Grenier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Ecology Research Group Faculty of Dentistry Universit\u00e9 Laval Quebec City QC 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