{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T20:27:22Z","timestamp":1771878442274,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]],"date-time":"2015-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"Background and Objective<\/jats:title>Smoking is an important risk factor for periodontal disease and effects the pathogenesis of the disease. This study evaluated the impact of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid interleukin\u20108 (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108) and lipoxin A4<\/jats:sub> (LxA4<\/jats:sub>) levels in patients with and without periodontal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>A total of 122 participants were grouped as follows: smokers with generalized aggressive periodontitis (S\u2010GAgP, <\/jats:styled-content>n<\/jats:italic> = 15); smokers with chronic periodontitis (S\u2010CP, <\/jats:styled-content>n<\/jats:italic> = 17); smokers with gingivitis (SG, <\/jats:styled-content>n<\/jats:italic> = 15); smokers classified as periodontally healthy (SH, <\/jats:styled-content>n<\/jats:italic> = 15); nonsmokers with generalized aggressive periodontitis (N\u2010GAgP, <\/jats:styled-content>n<\/jats:italic> = 15); nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis (N\u2010CP, <\/jats:styled-content>n<\/jats:italic> = 15); nonsmokers with gingivitis (NG, n<\/jats:italic> = 15); and nonsmokers classified as periodontally healthy (NH, n<\/jats:italic> = 15). Gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 and LxA4 levels were analyzed by ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Gingival crevicular fluid IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 levels varied among groups, as follows: S\u2010GAgP<\/jats:styled-content>>S\u2010CP<\/jats:styled-content>>SG<\/jats:styled-content>>SH<\/jats:styled-content> and N\u2010GAgP>N\u2010CP<\/jats:styled-content>>NG>NH. The gingival crevicular fluid IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 levels were significantly higher in the S\u2010GAgP<\/jats:styled-content> group compared with the N\u2010GAgP<\/jats:styled-content> group and in the S\u2010CP<\/jats:styled-content> group compared with the N\u2010CP<\/jats:styled-content> group (p<\/jats:italic> < 0.05); differences between the SG<\/jats:styled-content> and NG and the SH<\/jats:styled-content> and NH groups were not statistically significant (p<\/jats:italic> > 0.05). Gingival crevicular fluid LxA4<\/jats:sub> levels also varied among groups, but in an inverse direction when compared with the IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 levels, as follows: S\u2010GAgP<\/jats:styled-content><S\u2010CP<\/jats:styled-content><SG<\/jats:styled-content> and N\u2010GAgP<N\u2010CP<\/jats:styled-content><NG. (The gingival crevicular fluid LxA4<\/jats:sub> levels in SH<\/jats:styled-content> and NH groups were below the limits of detection.) The gingival crevicular fluid LxA4<\/jats:sub> levels were significantly lower in the S\u2010GAgP<\/jats:styled-content> group than in the N\u2010GAgP<\/jats:styled-content> group and in the S\u2010CP<\/jats:styled-content> group than in the N\u2010CP<\/jats:styled-content> group (p<\/jats:italic> < 0.05); differences between the SG<\/jats:styled-content> and NG groups were not statistically significant (p<\/jats:italic> > 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The study findings suggest that the observed increases in gingival crevicular fluid IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 levels and decreases in gingival crevicular fluid LxA4<\/jats:sub> levels reflect changes in immune and inflammatory responses that occur as a result of smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]],"date-time":"2015-10-08T07:08:51Z","timestamp":1444288131000},"page":"471-480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Gingival crevicular fluid interleukin\u20108 and lipoxin A4<\/sub> levels of smokers and nonsmokers with different periodontal status: a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"L\u00fctfio\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology OndokuzMayis University Faculty of Dentistry Samsun Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Aydo\u011fdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Biruni University Faculty of Dentistry \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. E.","family":"Sakallio\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology OndokuzMayis University Faculty of Dentistry Samsun Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Ala\u00e7am","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry Hacettepe University Medical Faculty Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pamuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Istanbul Aydin University Faculty of Dentistry \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510376402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01678.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2168"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.12.6856"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89759"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.1663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.1.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318180e4af"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00777-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514557331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00786.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.300201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2008.01153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.2004.00489.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411970080040501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356408993968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356309011240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1988.tb02263.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2012.01480.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.11.1545"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.090643"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2012.01500.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.11.1299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.120685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.17.5335"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.12.1923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-008-7147-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000015795.74094.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.046870"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi992551b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024422"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/6\/2\/026001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-13-101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109382109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.202296999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2007.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00380.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.5.2660"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941312201104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200201-053OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2008.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2011.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096942"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjre.12324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjre.12324","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jre.12324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T04:26:51Z","timestamp":1696220811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jre.12324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jre.12324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jre.12324","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3484","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]}}}