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As diabetes is a known risk factor for periodontal disease, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of type 2 diabetes on PAR<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and PAR<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>mRNA expression in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis before and after non\u2010surgical periodontal treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gingival crevicular fluid samples and clinical parameters consisting of measuring probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and plaque index were collected from systemically healthy patients and patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis, at baseline and after non\u2010surgical periodontal therapy.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, as well as the presence of the proteases RgpB gingipain and neutrophil proteinase\u20103 were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the gingival crevicular fluid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The periodontal clinical parameters significantly improved after periodontal therapy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Diabetes led to increased expression of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">gingival crevicular fluid<\/jats:styled-content>, and in the presence of chronic periodontitis, it significantly decreased the expression of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Moreover, non\u2010surgical periodontal treatment in diabetics resulted in increased expression of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), and decreased expression of RgpB gingipain and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">proteinase\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present data demonstrated that diabetes was associated with an altered expression of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">gingival crevicular fluid<\/jats:styled-content>cells of subjects with chronic periodontitis. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the effects of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>upregulation in periodontally healthy sites and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>downregulation in chronic periodontitis sites on the increased susceptibility and severity of periodontitis in diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T08:22:44Z","timestamp":1447402964000},"page":"577-585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gingival crevicular fluid levels of protease\u2010activated receptors type 1 and type 2 in diabetic patients with periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"I. S.","family":"Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. T.","family":"Euzebio Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. P. S.","family":"Benedete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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