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EP<\/jats:styled-content> was induced in the mandibular molars through ligature placement. The alveolar bone loss (ABL<\/jats:styled-content>) area in the furcation region was analysed histometrically. TRAP<\/jats:styled-content>, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>, osteoprotegerin and activated caspase\u20103 patterns were analysed by immunolabeling. Prostaglandin E2 was quantified using an ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>, and tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 and interleukin\u20106 were assessed using the multiplex method. The prevalence rates of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>, Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, Prevotella nigrescens<\/jats:italic>, Prevotella intermedia<\/jats:italic> and Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic> were assessed using the PCR<\/jats:styled-content> method. The data were subjected to statistical analysis (\u03b1 = 5%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>5FU<\/jats:styled-content>, 5FU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010SRP<\/jats:styled-content> and 5FU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010SRP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101LLLT<\/jats:styled-content> treatment groups showed higher ABL<\/jats:styled-content> compared with the NT group<\/jats:styled-content> (p<\/jats:italic> < 0.05), whereas the 5FU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010SRP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104LLLT<\/jats:styled-content> group showed lower ABL<\/jats:styled-content> compared with the 5FU<\/jats:styled-content> group on day 7 and decreased RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> immunolabeling (p<\/jats:italic> < 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Treatment with 5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content> worsened EP<\/jats:styled-content>, and multiple LLLT<\/jats:styled-content> sessions adjuvant to SRP<\/jats:styled-content> seemed to improve periodontitis in rats subjected to 5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content> chemotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T05:09:45Z","timestamp":1452488985000},"page":"669-680","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effect of low\u2010level laser therapy as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis induced in rats subjected to 5\u2010fluorouracil chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"L. H.","family":"Theodoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic Division of Periodontics S\u00e3o Paulo State University (\u201cUniv. Estadual Paulista\u201d \u2013 UNESP) Ara\u00e7atuba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic Division of Periodontics S\u00e3o Paulo State University (\u201cUniv. Estadual Paulista\u201d \u2013 UNESP) Ara\u00e7atuba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ervolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Science S\u00e3o Paulo State University (\u201cUniv. Estadual Paulista\u201d \u2013 UNESP) Ara\u00e7atuba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Social Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo State University (\u201cUniv Estadual Paulista\u201d \u2013 UNESP Ara\u00e7atuba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Ferro\u2010Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic Division of Periodontics S\u00e3o Paulo State University (\u201cUniv. Estadual Paulista\u201d \u2013 UNESP) Ara\u00e7atuba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. Z.","family":"Assem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic Division of Periodontics S\u00e3o Paulo State University (\u201cUniv. 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