{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T10:15:31Z","timestamp":1768904131566,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]],"date-time":"2016-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cigarette smoking has detrimental effects on periodontal tissue, and is known to be a risk factor for periodontal disease, including the loss of alveolar bone and ligament tissue. However, the direct effects of cigarette smoking on periodontal tissue remain unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that benzo[<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>]pyrene (BaP), which is a prototypic member of polycyclic aryl hydrocarbons and forms part of the content of cigarettes, attenuated the expression of extracellular matrix remodeling\u2010related genes in human periodontal ligament (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>) cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDLC<\/jats:styled-content>s). Thus, we aimed to examine the effects of BaP on the osteoblastic differentiation and collagen synthesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDLC<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDLC<\/jats:styled-content>s were obtained from healthy molars of three patients, and quantitative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction<\/jats:styled-content> were performed for gene expression analyses of <jats:italic>cytochrome P450 1A1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>1B1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> alkaline phosphatase<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> bone sialoprotein<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>aryl hydrocarbon receptor<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>AhR<\/jats:italic>), a receptor for polycyclic aryl hydrocarbons. We have also analyzed the role of the AhR, using 2\u2010methyl\u20102H\u2010pyrazole\u20103\u2010carboxylic acid (2\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010<jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>\u2010tolylazo\u2010phenyl)\u2010amide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010223191), which is an AhR antagonist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDLC<\/jats:styled-content>s with BaP reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of osteogenic genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization and collagen synthesis. The treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010223191 subsequently restored the observed suppressive effects of BaP on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDLC<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present results suggest that BaP exerts inhibitory effects on the maintenance of homeostasis in H<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> tissue, such as osteoblastic differentiation and collagen synthesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPDLC<\/jats:styled-content>s, and that this signaling pathway could be suppressed by preventing the transactivity of AhR. Future studies may unveil a role for the inhibition of AhR as a promising therapeutic agent for periodontal disease caused by cigarette smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]],"date-time":"2016-01-07T12:23:51Z","timestamp":1452169431000},"page":"779-788","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Benzo[a]pyrene\/aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling inhibits osteoblastic differentiation and collagen synthesis of human periodontal ligament cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Monnouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Rehabilitation Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontology Kyushu University Hospital 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