{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T22:27:26Z","timestamp":1789943246210,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81371150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81371150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\u2010693\u201011\u201011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\u2010693\u201011\u201011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontitis is an infectious disease in which the host immune and inflammatory responses play essential roles in resistance to bacterial infection, as well as the induction of tissue destruction if the immune response is dysregulated. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>s) modulates inflammatory and innate immune signaling. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 is considered as an amplifier of the immune response, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 is a negative regulator that has yet to be explored in periodontal disease before. We hypothesized that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>s participated in the innate immune responses during the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 expression in the gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects as well as their correlation with clinical periodontal parameters. This study is the first to identify <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 in periodontal tissue, as well as the protein expression changes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 in periodontal tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gingival tissue sections were collected from 31 healthy subjects and 53 patients with chronic periodontitis. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction were employed to evaluate the protein and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of these receptors in gingival tissues. The recorded clinical parameters were probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque index and bleeding on probing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to myeloid cells in gingival connective tissues, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 were also found expressed in gingival epithelial cells. In particular, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 was detected in almost all gingival epithelium from both healthy and inflamed biopsies. The expression levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 were significantly increased in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy group. Increased levels of these receptors are to be positively correlated with site\u2010specific periodontal parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increased expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TREM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 levels in periodontitis may confer diagnostic and potential therapeutic targets as well as indicating their association with the clinical severity of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T05:12:43Z","timestamp":1473829963000},"page":"512-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Increased expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 and 2 in inflamed human gingiva"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"S. S.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Stomatology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Hospital Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Curtin University Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. C.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. F.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0203082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35074114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.8.4956"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.10.4991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.7.3812"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636837"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.6.3520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2009.00841.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200808080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512470691"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2011.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-0938"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2012.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790090501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"NIH.Manual of Procedures for Human Microbiome Project Core Microbiome Sampling Protocol A HMP Protocol # 07\u2010001.2010. 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