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Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> have an increased risk of losing their teeth compared with other individuals. Dental implants are a standard of care for treating partial or full edentulism, and various implant surface treatments have recently been developed to increase dental implant stability. However, some studies have reported that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> reduces osseointegration and the success rate of dental implants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high glucose levels for hard tissue formation on a nano\u2010scale modified titanium surface.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Titanium disks were heated at 600\u00b0C for 1 h after treatment with or without 10 <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> Na<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content> solution. All disks were incubated with type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II DM<\/jats:styled-content> rat bone marrow\u2010derived mesenchymal stromal cells before exposure to one of four concentrations of glucose (5.5, 8.0, 12.0 or 24.0 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>). The effect of different glucose concentrations on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bone marrow\u2010derived mesenchymal stromal cell<\/jats:styled-content> osteogenesis and inflammatory cytokines on the nano\u2010scale modified titanium surface was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alkaline phosphatase activity decreased with increasing glucose concentration. In contrast, osteocalcin production and calcium deposition were significantly decreased at 8.0 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> glucose, but increased with glucose concentrations over 8.0 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>. Differences in calcium\/phosphate ratio associated with the various glucose concentrations were similar to osteocalcin production and calcium deposition. Inflammatory cytokines were expressed at high glucose concentrations, but the nano\u2010scale modified titanium surface inhibited the effect of high glucose concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>High glucose concentration increased hard tissue formation, but the quality of the mineralized tissue decreased. Furthermore, the nano\u2010scale modified titanium surface increased mineralized tissue formation and anti\u2010inflammation, but the quality of hard tissue was dependent on glucose concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T09:22:07Z","timestamp":1490088127000},"page":"761-771","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["RETRACTED: Effects of glucose concentration on osteogenic differentiation of type II diabetes mellitus rat bone marrow\u2010derived mesenchymal stromal cells on a nano\u2010scale modified titanium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Yamawaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Osaka Dental University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Osaka Dental University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Komasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion Osaka Dental University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology Osaka Dental University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Umeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Osaka Dental University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.suppl_1.S37"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2000.2230104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Rehabilitative considerations for dental implants in the diabetic patient","volume":"13","author":"Katyayan PA","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Indian Prosthodont Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2010.01923.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"569","article-title":"Dental implant failure rates and associated risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Moy PK","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509334203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2005.01245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antibiofilm activity of sandblasted and laser\u2010modified titanium against microorganisms isolated from peri\u2010implantitis lesions","volume":"30","author":"Drago L","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Temperature evaluation of dental implant surface irradiated with high\u2010power diode laser","volume":"30","author":"Rios FG","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(2000)53:6<702::AID-JBM13>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"Implant materials, designs, and surface topographies: their effect on osseointegration. 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