{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:46:45Z","timestamp":1790858805168,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,10]],"date-time":"2017-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FONDECYT 1140904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDECYT 1140904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two new T\u2010helper (Th) phenotypes have been recently described and named Th9 and Th22 lymphocytes; however, their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains unclear. This study was aimed to assess whether Th9 and Th22 lymphocytes, through interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20109 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 production, respectively, are associated with the severity of periodontitis and bone resorption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gingival crevicular fluid samples and biopsies were obtained from patients with moderate\u2010to\u2010advanced chronic periodontitis and gingivitis, and healthy controls. The levels for the Th9 and Th22\u2010associated cytokines and master\u2010switch transcription factors Spi\u2010B and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) were quantified by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, real\u2010time reverse\u2010transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. In addition, the osteoclast activity in response to tissue homogenates from periodontitis and healthy samples was analyzed quantifying the number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRAP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive cells and areas of bone resorption pits produced, in the presence or absence of recombinant human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 and anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>22 neutralization antibody.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 and AhR were detected in patients with periodontitis compared with gingivitis and healthy individuals. In addition, higher levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 and Spi\u2010B were detected in gingivitis patients compared with periodontitis and healthy individuals. In patients with periodontitis, a significant positive correlation was detected between secreted levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 and clinical attachment level of the sampled periodontal pockets. When osteoclasts were exposed to tissue homogenates obtained from patients with periodontitis, higher levels of resorptive activity were observed as compared with the same cells exposed to tissue homogenates obtained from healthy individuals, and this increment was dependent on the presence and neutralization of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 produced by Th22 lymphocytes are associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis, in particular, with osteoclast resorptive activity and severity of disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,10]],"date-time":"2017-04-10T08:56:56Z","timestamp":1491814616000},"page":"893-902","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Increased levels of the T\u2010helper 22\u2010associated cytokine (interleukin\u201022) and transcription factor (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) in patients with periodontitis are associated with osteoclast resorptive activity and severity of the disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"D\u00edaz\u2010Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Biology Laboratory Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Melgar\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Biology Laboratory Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Biology Laboratory Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Biology Laboratory Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Monasterio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Biology Laboratory Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Carvajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile  Santiago 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