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A few studies have examined the possible relationship between chronic periodontitis and osteoporosis; however, the results remain inconclusive. This longitudinal follow\u2010up study investigated the possible risk of patients with chronic periodontitis to present osteoporosis by using a population\u2010based national health insurance data set in Taiwan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A random sample consisting of 1 million individuals was collected from Taiwan's national health insurance data set. From the sample, a total of 29\u00a0463 patients with newly diagnosed periodontitis from 2002 to 2008 were recruited and compared with a matched cohort of 58\u00a0926 patients without periodontitis. All patients were tracked until an osteoporosis diagnosis, or death, until the end of 2011. Associated factors, such as gender, age and comorbidities were examined. Cox proportional\u2010hazards regression was performed to examine the risk of osteoporosis for patients with or without periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the 6\u2010year follow\u2010up period, the incidence rates of osteoporosis in the periodontitis cohort and comparison group were 2.72 and 1.66 per 1000 person\u2010years, respectively. Mild, moderate and severe periodontitis were found to have 1.56, 2.09 and 2.08 times the risk of osteoporosis respectively compared to patients without periodontitis. Log\u2010rank analysis revealed that patients with periodontitis had significantly higher cumulative incidence rates of osteoporosis than the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study found that patients with periodontitis had a higher risk of being diagnosed with osteoporosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T16:34:15Z","timestamp":1493742855000},"page":"922-929","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Patients with chronic periodontitis present increased risk for osteoporosis: A population\u2010based cohort study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"L.\u2010P.","family":"Mau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics Department of Dentistry Chi Mei Medical Center  Liouying Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Long Term Care Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.\u2010C.","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics Department of Dentistry Chi Mei Medical Center  Chiali Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.\u2010W. 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