{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:51:49Z","timestamp":1790783509185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:label\/>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The periodontal ligament (\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        ) connects the tooth root and alveolar bone. It is an aligned fibrous network that is interposed between, and anchored to, both mineralized surfaces. Periodontal disease is common and reduces the ability of the\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL to act<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        as a shock absorber, a barrier for pathogens and a sensor of mastication. Although disease progression can be stopped, current therapies do not primarily focus on tissue regeneration. Functional regeneration of\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        may be achieved using innovative techniques, such as tissue engineering. However, the complex fibrillar architecture of the\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        , essential to withstand high forces, makes\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        tissue engineering very challenging. This challenge may be met by studying\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        anatomy and development. Understanding\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        anatomy, development and maintenance provides clues regarding the specific events that need to be mimicked for the formation of this intricate tissue. Owing to the  specific composition of the PDL, which develops by self\u2010organization, a different approach than the typical combination of biomaterials, growth factors and regenerative cells is necessary for functional\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        engineering. Most specifically, the architecture of the new\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        to be formed does not need to be dictated by textured biomaterials but can emerge from the local mechanical loading conditions. Elastic hydrogels are optimal to fill the space properly between tooth and bone, may house cells and growth factors to enhance regeneration and allow self\u2010optimization by the alignment to local stresses. We suggest that cells and materials should be placed in a proper mechanical environment to initiate a process of self\u2010organization resulting in a functional architecture of the\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        .\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T01:52:49Z","timestamp":1498009969000},"page":"965-974","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":215,"title":["The intricate anatomy of the periodontal ligament and its development: Lessons for periodontal regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9612-2413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Cell Biology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Cell Biology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Everts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Cell Biology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. H.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology Academic Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2006.01629.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"202","article-title":"Treatment of plaque\u2010induced gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and other clinical conditions","volume":"27","author":"American academy of periodontology","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Acad Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.9.967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67728-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"The Periodontal Ligament in Health and Disease","author":"Berkovitz BKB","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509355440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411900010010201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411910020040101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1976.47.5.256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199606)245:2<327::AID-AR15>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Structure and Function of Collagen Types","author":"Mayne R","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/39.1.1983870"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2000.2240104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(77)90095-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry","author":"Lindhe J","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2000.2240106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199606)245:2<267::AID-AR12>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02409011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00224320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00336664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2010.0431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314348110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phagocytosis of collagen fibrils by fibroblasts in vivo is independent of the uPARAP\/Endo180 receptor","volume":"6","author":"Sprangers S","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3790-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-014-0212-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700801"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00247.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"457","article-title":"Assembly of the tendon extracellular matrix during development","volume":"184","author":"Birk DE","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Synthesis of Sharpey\u2032S fiber proteins within rodent alveolar bone","volume":"12","author":"Johnson RB","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scanning Microsc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90131-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1972.43.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.107.3.437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107687907200308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00365a027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2012.00829.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02368184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2008.0336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.06.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.09.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.6.858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2005.11.1599"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2009.01150.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","volume-title":"Tissue Engineering III: Cell Surface Interactions for Tissue Culture","author":"Das D","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2008.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712150105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jbt.2016.1494"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-012-0704-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.3.1274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)77386-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02350.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101602200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(76)90194-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"Occlusal forces promote periodontal healing of transplanted teeth and prevent dentoalveolar ankylosis: an experimental study in rats","volume":"75","author":"Mine K","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","article-title":"Adipose\u2010derived stem cells for periodontal ligament engineering: the need for dynamic strain","author":"Jong T","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biomater Tissue Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345950740070901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513481041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2009.01593.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.0165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative behavior of human and animal tissue during experimental tooth movement","volume":"41","author":"Reitan K","year":"1971","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjre.12477","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jre.12477","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T11:19:38Z","timestamp":1695986378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jre.12477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jre.12477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jre.12477","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3484","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]]}}}