{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:03:56Z","timestamp":1790442236011,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"NIH NIDCR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DE023807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE023807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"NIH NIDCR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DE025255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE025255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"Background and Objective<\/jats:title>Peri\u2010implantitis and periodontitis are different entities in immune characteristics even though they share similar features in clinical and radiologic signs. Toll\u2010like receptor 2 (TLR\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>2), one of the key pathogen\u2010recognition receptors in the innate immune system, plays an important role in the progression of periodontitis. However, the role of TLR\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>2 in peri\u2010implantitis remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of TLR\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>2 in inflammation and alveolar bone loss in a murine model of ligature\u2010induced peri\u2010implantitis and to compare it with ligature\u2010induced periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>Smooth\u2010surface titanium implants were placed in the alveolar bone of the left maxillary molars of wild\u2010type (WT) and Tlr2<\/jats:italic> knockout (Tlr2<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO) mice 6\u00a0weeks after tooth extraction. Silk ligatures were applied to the left implant fixtures and the right maxillary second molars to induce peri\u2010implantitis and periodontitis 4\u00a0weeks after implant placement. Two weeks after ligation, bone loss around the implants and maxillary second molars was analysed by micro\u2010computed tomography (micro\u2010CT), and inflammation around the implants and maxillary second molars was assessed at the same time point using histology and TRAP staining, respectively. Expression of mRNA for proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin\u20101\u03b2 [Il1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>], tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 [Tnf\u03b1<\/jats:italic>]), an anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine (interleukin\u201010 [Il10<\/jats:italic>]) and osteoclastogenesis\u2010related cytokines (Rankl<\/jats:italic>, osteoprotegerin [Opg<\/jats:italic>]) were evaluated, in gingival tissue, using real\u2010time quantitative PCR (RT\u2010qPCR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The success rate of implant osseointegration was significantly higher in Tlr2<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice (85.71%) compared with WT<\/jats:styled-content> mice (53.66%) (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.0125). Micro\u2010CT<\/jats:styled-content> revealed significantly decreased bone loss in Tlr<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice compared with WT<\/jats:styled-content> mice (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.0094) in peri\u2010implantitis. The levels of mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> for Il<\/jats:styled-content>1\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.0055), Tnf<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.01) and Il<\/jats:styled-content>10<\/jats:italic> (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.0019) in gingiva were significantly elevated in the peri\u2010implantitis tissues of WT<\/jats:styled-content> mice, but not in Tlr2<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice, compared with controls. However, the gingival mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> ratios of Rankl<\/jats:styled-content>\/Opg<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> in peri\u2010implant tissues were significantly upregulated in both WT<\/jats:styled-content> (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.0488) and Tlr2<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO<\/jats:styled-content> (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.0314) mice. Ligature\u2010induced periodontitis exhibited similar patterns of bone loss and inflammatory cytokine profile in both groups of mice, except that the level of Il10<\/jats:italic> was elevated (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.0114) whereas the Rankl<\/jats:styled-content>\/Opg<\/jats:italic> ratio was not elevated (P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.9755) in Tlr2<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice compared with control mice. Histological findings showed increased numbers of TRAP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive cells and infiltrated inflammatory cells in ligature\u2010induced peri\u2010implantitis in both WT<\/jats:styled-content> (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0.01) and Tlr2<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0.05), and the numbers of both types of cell were significantly higher in WT<\/jats:styled-content> mice than in Tlr2<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice (P<\/jats:italic> < .01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>This study suggests that TLR\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>2 mediates bone loss in both peri\u2010implantitis and periodontitis. However, different molecular features may exist in the pathogenesis of the two diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T10:52:15Z","timestamp":1504608735000},"page":"98-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Retracted:<\/i> Role of toll\u2010like receptor 2 in inflammation and alveolar bone loss in experimental peri\u2010implantitis versus periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"X.","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University College of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases The Forsyth Institute Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and 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