{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:23:47Z","timestamp":1787959427703,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008584","name":"Stiftelsen L\u00e4ngmanska Kulturfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have shown an association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>). Atherosclerosis is the major cause of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>, and a key event in the development of atherosclerosis is accumulation of lipoproteins within the arterial wall. Bacteria are the primary etiologic agents in periodontitis and <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> is the major pathogen in the disease. Several studies support a role of modified low\u2010density lipoprotein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content>) in atherogenesis; however, the pathogenic stimuli that induce the changes and the mechanisms by which this occur are unknown. This study aims to identify alterations in plasma lipoproteins induced by the periodontopathic species of bacterium, <jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, in vitro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma lipoproteins were isolated from whole blood treated with wild\u2010type and gingipain\u2010mutant (lacking either the Rgp\u2010 or Kgp gingipains) <jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic> by density\/gradient\u2010ultracentrifugation and were studied using 2\u2010dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization mass spectrometry. <jats:italic>Porphyromonas\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid\u2010reactive substances and antioxidant assay kits, respectively, and lumiaggregometry was used for measurement of reactive oxygen species (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>) and aggregation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> exerted substantial proteolytic effects on the lipoproteins. The Rgp gingipains were responsible for producing 2 apoE fragments, as well as 2 apoB\u2010100 fragments, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content>, and the Kgp gingipain produced an unidentified fragment in high\u2010density lipoproteins. <jats:italic>Porphyromonas\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and its different gingipain variants induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content> and consumed antioxidants. Both the Rgp and Kgp gingipains were involved in inducing lipid peroxidation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> has the potential to change the expression of lipoproteins in blood, which may represent a crucial link between periodontitis and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T05:42:58Z","timestamp":1516167778000},"page":"403-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Lipoprotein modifications by gingipains of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5242-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"L\u00f6nn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology Institute of Odontology Malm\u00f6 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