{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:38:17Z","timestamp":1790127497705,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]],"date-time":"2018-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the current study was to assess the association between 3 different calcium channel blockers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCB<\/jats:styled-content>s) (nifedipine, amlodipine and felodipine) and gingival overgrowth in patients with a diagnosis of severe refractory hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and sixty\u2010two patients with severe refractory hypertension, taking <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCB<\/jats:styled-content>s, were selected. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Gingival overgrowth<\/jats:styled-content> was graded and periodontal measurements were recorded (probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and bleeding on probing). Unconditional multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCB<\/jats:styled-content> intake and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">gingival overgrowth<\/jats:styled-content> after adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 162 patients, 26 (16.0%) were current smokers and 101 (62.3%) were females. The mean age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) was 54.1 (8.5) years and the median age (range) 52.5 (39\u201078) years. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Gingival overgrowth<\/jats:styled-content> was observed in 55 patients (34.0%). Nifedipine was the most common medication (35.2%; 57 of 162). The results of multiple binary logistic regression showed statistically significant associations between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCB<\/jats:styled-content> intake (exposure) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">gingival overgrowth<\/jats:styled-content> (outcome) after adjusting for the variables treatment time with antihypertensive and plaque index. Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">gingival overgrowth<\/jats:styled-content> were 2.5 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">odds ratio<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.46; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">confidence interval<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.04\u20105.82) and 4.0 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">odds ratio<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a03.90; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">confidence interval<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.47\u201010.35) times more likely to be taking nifedipine and amlodipine, respectively, than patients without gingival overgrowth. On the other hand, this significant association was not observed for felodipine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nifedipine and amlodipine, but not felodipine, were associated with gingival overgrowth in patients with severe refractory hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T04:11:18Z","timestamp":1524543078000},"page":"721-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Influence of 3 calcium channel blockers on gingival overgrowth in a population of severe refractory hypertensive patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Vidal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1 University (UNESA)  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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